摘要
为探索红壤旱地较适宜的秸秆覆盖量,采取随机区组大田试验,设置4个秸秆覆盖水平:S1为0 kg/hm^2、S2为4375 kg/hm^2,S3为8750 kg/hm^2和S4为13125 kg/hm^2,研究秸秆覆盖量对红壤旱地棉花产量、出苗率、株高、叶绿素含量和土壤温度的影响。结果表明:秸秆覆盖处理(S2—S4)较不覆盖处理(S1),一是提高棉花出苗率,差异极显著(P<0.01);二是影响棉花生育后期的主茎生长速度,以S4效果最好;三是可明显促进棉花叶绿素含量的增加,且以S3和S4的效果较好;四是调节土壤温度,在8:00和20:00提高土壤温度,在14:00降低土壤温度,且日均地温变化幅度小,但随着土层的加深,调温作用逐渐减弱,整个覆盖期内日均温的差值与土壤深度具有高度的相关性;五是显著增加棉花产量,S2、S3和S4分别比S1高11.4%、35.9%和37.7%,差异极显著(P<0.01),且随着覆盖量的增加,增产效果逐渐提高。综合来看,秸秆覆盖在改善红壤旱地棉花产量、出苗率、株高、叶绿素含量、调节土壤温度方面发挥着重要作用,且以8750—13125 kg/hm^2效果显著,是红壤旱地值得推广的栽培模式。
To improve the productivity of cotton fields in red soil drylands,it is necessary to study the yield-limiting factors in these regions,and propose appropriate mitigation measures. Straw mulching is an effective method of straw resource utilization,which could effectively promote the sustainable development of agriculture. To enhance our understanding of the appropriate straw mulching amount in red soil drylands,a randomized block design field experiment was carried out in the Science and Technology Park of Jiangxi Agricultural University（ 115° 55＇ 02. 040″ E,28° 46＇ 04. 476″ N,original the Agricultural College Test Station）. The effects of the following four straw mulch level treatments were examined： 0 kg/hm^2（ S1）,4 375 kg/hm^2（ S2）,8 750 kg/hm^2（ S3）,and 13 125 kg/hm^2（ S4）. The present study mainly investigated the yield,emergence rate,plant height,and chlorophyll content of cotton,and also soil temperature. The following results were obtained.（ 1） Straw mulching treatments increased cotton seedling emergence by 21.5% -28.1%. The difference between mulching treatments（ S2-S4） and the non-mulching treatment（ S1） was significant at P〈 0. 01,although there were no significant differences among the three mulching treatments.（ 2） Straw mulching treatments affected the main stem growth ofcotton at the late stage of growth,with treatment S4 having the best effect.（ 3） Straw mulching treatments also promoted an increase in chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content in each growth period increased with an increase in the amount of straw mulching,with treatments S3 and S4 having the best effects.（ 4） Straw mulching treatments regulated the soil temperature.The soil temperature increased at 08： 00 and 20： 00,but decreased at 14： 00,although the daily temperature range showed only a small variation. The effect of temperature control was weakened gradually in the straw mulching treatments with an increase in soil depth. This effect was highly correlated with daily mean temperature difference and soil depth during the coverage period,and the correlation coefficient reached 0.98 or higher,which aided in predicting the variation in diurnal temperature range of different soil layers.（ 5） Straw mulching treatments promoted a highly significant（ P〈0.01） increase in cotton production, with production in treatments S2, S3, and S4 being 11. 4%,35. 9%, and 37. 7% higher,respectively,than that in the non-mulching treatment（ S1）. There was also a gradual increase in yield with an increase in the amount of mulching. Collectively,these results indicate that straw mulching can play an important role in improving cotton yield,seedling emergence rate,plant height,and chlorophyll content,and also in regulating soil temperature in red soil drylands. In this regard,straw mulching at 8 750-13 125 kg/hm^2 was considerably effective,which would not only be conducive to the production of cotton but could also reduce environmental pollution caused by the burning of straw and improve the utilization of straw resources,and is thus worth popularizing in red soil drylands. However,since the present study was only of a short duration,further long-term studies in red soil drylands are required,particularly with regards to the mechanisms underlying the effects of mulching on the growth of cotton.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期733-740,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
江西省研究生创新专项资助项目(YC2016-B035)
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300209)
关键词
秸秆覆盖量
红壤旱地
棉花生长
土壤温度
straw mulch amount
red soil drylands
cotton growth
soil temperature
