摘要
[目的]为稻田常用农药阿维菌素的合理施用和科学管理提供理论依据。[方法]采用半静态法研究阿维菌素对中华绒螯蟹的毒性,进一步采用生态学单因子梯度试验方法,研究阿维菌素亚致死暴露0.0285、0.2848、2.8476 mg/L对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中3种代谢酶活性的影响。[结果]急性试验中阿维菌素对河蟹的96 h半致死浓度为28.4761 mg/L。在半致死暴露试验中,随着处理时间的延长和阿维菌素浓度的升高,乳酸脱氢酶与乙酰胆碱酯酶活力均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,表现出良好的时间-效应关系,并且与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);在阿维菌素低质量浓度0.0285、0.2848 mg/L暴露下,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活力呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在高质量浓度2.8476 mg/L暴露下,GSTs活力逐渐降低。[结论]河蟹对阿维菌素耐受性较强,但为防止生物富集引起的慢性中毒,在河蟹养殖过程中应严格控制阿维菌素用药量,尽量避免连续施用。阿维菌素亚致死暴露下,河蟹肝胰腺代谢酶LDH、AChE及GSTs均产生显著影响,表明代谢酶活力的变化可以灵敏反映出阿维菌素的胁迫程度和毒性。
[Aims] The aims were to provide theoretical basis for the scientific management and rational use of abamection. [Methods] The acute toxicity of abamectin to Chinese mitten-handed crab （H.Milne-Edwards） were determined by semi-static test, and the effects of abamectin in different concentrations （0.0285, 0.2848, 2.8476 mg/L） on activities of three metabolic enzymes in hepatopancreas of Chines mitten-handed crab were studied by single gradient factor experiments. [Results] The sublethal concentration of abamectin was 28.4761 mg/L for 96 h in the acute toxicity tests. In sublethal exposure experiment, with the extension of processing time and the higher concentration of abamectin, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） activity tended to decrease gradually, that showed good time-effect relationship, and significant difference with control group （P〈0.05）. The activity of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） increased at first and then decreased in the low concentrations of 0.0285 and 0.2848 mg/L, and the GSTs vitality gradually decreased in the high concentration of 2.8476 mg/L. [Conclusions] In ordered to prevent the chronic poisoning caused by biological enrichment, the dosage of abamectin should be strictly controlled in the course of crabs farming, and avoid continuous application. The above mentioned three metabolic enzymes in crabs had significant influence on sublethal concentration of abamectin, that could be used as sensitive biomarkers to the toxicity and stress of it for Chinese mitten-handed crab.
出处
《农药》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期120-123,129,共5页
Agrochemicals
基金
上海地区水产养殖污染负荷及养殖容量研究[沪农科攻字(2015)第6-3-3号]
三种常用农药对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的毒理学初步研究[沪农青字(2015)第3-13号]
关键词
阿维菌素
中华绒螯蟹
乳酸脱氢酶
乙酰胆碱酯酶
谷胱甘肽S-转移酶
abamectin
Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards
lactate dehydrogenase
acetylcholinesterase
glutathione S-transferases
