摘要
为探讨气候变化对东北春玉米适宜生长期的影响,利用1961~2015年东北三省123个气象台站逐日气象资料,分析了≥10℃初日和终日之间农业气候资源的时空变化,采用公认的不同熟性玉米积温指标绘出玉米种植北界图,并探讨了缺水率的变化趋势。结果表明:近55 a东北三省春玉米适宜生长期热量资源分布自西南向东北逐渐减少,平均气温和≥10℃积温的气候倾向率分别为0.14℃/10 a和54.2(℃·d)/10 a,热量资源呈增加趋势;日照时数自西南向东北逐渐减少,气候倾向率为-8 h/10 a,呈减少趋势;降水量自西北向东南逐渐增加,气候倾向率为-4.7 mm/10 a,呈减少趋势;参考作物的蒸散量自西南向东北逐渐减少,增减趋势不明显;可种植界限的变化,早熟品种东移北扩最明显的时段为1981~2000年,中熟品种北移、中晚熟品种东扩最明显的时段为2001~2015年;水分亏缺最严重的时段为2001~2015年。
The aim of this paper is to explore the effects of climatic changes on the suitable growth period of spring maize in northeast China. Based on the daily meteorological data of 3 provinces in northeast China during 1961 ~ 2015 provided by 123 meteorological stations,the author analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of agricultural climatic resources between the first date and the end date of air temperature more than or equal to 10 ℃,drew the northern-limit map of maize planting by using the generally-accepted accumulated temperature indexes for different maturities of spring maize varieties,and explored the change trend of water deficient ratio. The results showed that： in the suitable growth period of spring maize from 1961 to 2015,the thermal resources in northeast China decreased gradually from southwest to northeast,and the mean air temperature and ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature tended to be increased at the rate of 0.14 ℃/10 a and 54.2 ℃ ·d/10 a,respectively; the sunshine duration decreased gradually from southwest to northeast,and presented a decrease trend by-8 h/10 a; the precipitation increased gradually from northwest to southeast,and showed a decrease trend by-4. 7 mm/10 a; the evapotranspiration of reference crop decreased gradually from southwest to northeast,and its change trend was not obvious. As for the northern-limit of spring maize planting,the eastward and northward moving for early-maturity varieties was the most obvious during 1981 ~ 2000; the northward moving for middle-maturity varieties and the eastward expansion for middle-late-maturity varieties were the most obvious during2001 ~ 2015. The water deficiency was the most serious from 2001 to 2015.
出处
《江西农业学报》
CAS
2018年第2期93-99,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi
基金
中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF2016-09)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2015IAE-CMA05)
关键词
东北
春玉米
适宜生长期
农业气候资源
Northeast China
Spring maize
Suitable growth period
Agricultural climatic resource
