摘要
以往文献表明中国老年人传统上依赖家庭照料,亲子关系是家庭关系的核心,这与西方的社会化照料模式以及夫妻关系核心呈现明显不同的特征。但是,伴随着现代化、城镇化和工业化的进程,中国传统的社会支持模式正在发生改变。本文利用中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS2014)数据,采用有序Logistic回归方法对老年人的照料需求模式及其影响因素进行分析。结果发现现阶段中国老年人的照料需求模式正在转变,虽然以家庭为主的传统照料模式依然是老年人照料需求模式的主体,但转型期照料模式和社会化照料模式已被部分老年人接纳。家庭代际支持的强弱对老年人照料需求模式选择仍然具有最为显著的影响;健在子女数量在2个及以上的老年人更倾向于选择传统照料模式,而没有健在子女或只有1个健在子女的老年人则更倾向于转型期照料模式和社会化照料模式;老年人经济状况与子女数量交互影响照料需求模式选择,低收入且子女少的老年人面临着照料困境。研究还显示老年人主观健康状况、养老观念对照料需求模式选择具有显著影响,主观认为自己不健康的老年人以及具有现代养老观念的老年人更倾向于选择社会化照料。老年人照料需求模式具有显著的地区差异,自西向东表现出对社会化照料模式的接纳。
Early literature turns out that the patterns of social supports of the elderly in western nations are quite different from those of Chinese elderly, which indicates that more social supports for Chinese elderly depend mainly on their children and relatives. However, accompanied with process of the modernization and industrialization, the traditional patterns of social supports of Chinese elderly have changed. Based on literature review, this study employed the CLASS （Chinese Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey） data to iden- tify the current patterns of social support and its determinants by using Ordinal Logistic regression model. Our major findings include followings ： At present, the pattern of care demands of Chinese elderly is chang- ing, and the patterns of socialized care and transitional care are being accepted by some elderly people. But the family-based traditional care pattern is still the dominant, which is significantly ＇affected by the family intergeneration support. Those who have 2 or more living children is preferring to choose the traditional care pattern, and those who have no surviving child or have only one child are more likely to prefer social- ized care pattern. The elderly care demands are also constrained by the financial condition. The elderly who have the poor economic conditions and no living child or only 1 living child would face difficulties. In addi- tion, self-rated health and the traditional filial piety value also have effects on the elderly care demands pattern. The regional dimension showed significant effects on the elderly care mode of progressive, from the west to the central to the east to the northeast, it gradually shows the acceptance of the combination of family and social care.
作者
陆杰华
张莉
LU Jiehua;ZHANG Li(Department of Sociology, Peking University, Beijing , 100871, China)
出处
《人口学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期22-33,共12页
Population Journal
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目:实现人口经济社会健康老龄化的对策研究(16JJD840004)
国家自然科学基金项目:健康老龄化--老年人口健康影响因素及有效干预的基础科学问题研究(71490732)
关键词
老年人照料需求模式
传统照料模式
代际支持
社会化照料模式
Elderly Care Demands Pattern, Traditional Care Pattern, Intergencration Support, Socialized Care Pattern
