摘要
使用农艺措施调控农田杂草的发生和生长是生态控草的重要研究内容,为明确玉米种植密度、耕作模式和水分管理对田间杂草的影响,将玉米种植密度分别设置为6.0万、7.5万株/hm^2,耕作模式分别设置为翻耕、免耕,水分管理分别设置为玉米播种前浇水、玉米播种后浇水,在玉米大喇叭口期调查杂草的数量和鲜质量。结果表明,与种植密度为6.0万株/hm^2时相比,玉米在7.5万株/hm^2的种植密度下杂草的密度和杂草地上部鲜质量均有下降的趋势。翻耕模式下,水分管理对杂草密度的影响不显著,玉米播种后浇水处理比播种前浇水处理的杂草鲜质量减少26.4%;免耕模式下,玉米播种后浇水处理的杂草密度和鲜质量均显著低于玉米播种前浇水处理(P<0.05),前者杂草密度、地上部鲜质量分别比后者减少36.7%、30.9%。研究表明,玉米播种密度增加,田间杂草密度和鲜质量均有减少的趋势,但不显著;无论是翻耕还是免耕,玉米播种前浇水均有利于杂草获得竞争优势,杂草鲜质量显著高于玉米播种后浇水。
Using agronomic measures to control the germination and growth of weeds is an important research aspect of ecological weed control.To clarify the effects of plant density,tillage pattern and water management of maize on weeds,plant density was set as 60 000 plants/hm^2 and 75 000 plants/hm^2,under conventional tillage and no-tillage,and with watering before or after sowing.Weed density and fresh weight were measured at the bell stage of maize.Weed and fresh weight density under decreased when crop density increased from 60 000 plants/hm^2 to 75 000 plants/hm^2.Under conventional tillage,the effect of water management on weed density was non-significant,but weed fresh weight when watering was provided after sowing decreased by 26.4% in comparison to watering before sowing.Similarly,weed density and fresh weight when watering after sowing were significantly lower than when watering before sowing under no-tillage.The weed density and fresh weight of the former decreased by 36.7% and 30.9% in comparison to the latter.Increasing plant density only slightly decreased weed density and fresh weight.Whether conventional tillage or no-tillage,watering before sowing was beneficial to the weeds gaining a competitive advantage,and the weed fresh weight was significantly higher than that obtained when watering after sowing.
出处
《杂草学报》
2017年第3期34-37,共4页
Journal of Weed Science
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(编号:201303022)
关键词
玉米
种植密度
翻耕
免耕
水分管理
杂草
地上部鲜质量
maize
plant density
conventional tillage
no-tillage
water management
weeds
fresh weight of upper ground
