摘要
【目的】提高玉米的水分利用效率。【方法】以平展型品种沈单16和紧凑型品种先玉335为试验材料,研究了露地栽培和地膜覆盖对不同株型春玉米产量、降水利用效率以及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】不同降水年型对不同株型品种土壤水分和耗水量有不同影响,降水年型不同造成光照程度、气温不同年型波动较大。丰水年平展型品种露地产量较平水年增加31.0%,丰水年地膜覆盖产量较平水年增加10.6%。丰水年紧凑型品种露地栽培产量较平水年增加7.4%,丰水年地膜覆盖产量较平水年增加1.2%。露地栽培模式下平展型品种产量不同年型有较大波动,而平水年产量下降明显,紧凑型品种不同年型产量波动相对较小,地膜覆盖模式下2种株型品种均体现出较好的稳产性。【结论】地膜覆盖模式能够阻止不同株型春玉米土壤水分蒸发,有效地蓄积降水,提升降水利用效率和水分利用效率,进而增加产量。
【Objective】Increase water use efficiency of maize.【Method】loosely type（＂shendan 16＂） and compact type（＂xianyu 335＂） were chosen as test materials,the effects of the open field and plastic mulching culture on yield and water use efficiency were reserched.【Result】The results showed that different precipitation years had different influences on soil water and water consumption of different plant types.The sunlight and the temperature fluctuation were severe in different precipitation years.Compared to 2012,loosely type field under open field in 2013 was increased by 31.0%,while loosely type field under plastic film coverage was increased by10.6%.Compared to 2012,compact type field under open field in 2013 was increased by 7.4%,while loosely type field under plastic film coverage was increased by 1.2%.Under open field model,the yield of loosely type was affected by the precipitation,sunlight,and temperature and so on,and seriously decreased in normal precipitation years.Under different years,the yield of compact type had less effect.The yield of two kinds plant type of corn were stable under plastic film coverage.【Conclusion】So,plastic mulching culture could prevent soil water loss from fast transpiration,catchment of rainfall effectively,improve utilization ratio of precipitation and water use efficiency,and increase the yield of the spring maize of the different plant types.
作者
王磊
樊廷录
赵刚
党翼
李尚中
张建军
辛丽
WANG Lei;FAN Tinglu;ZHAO Gang;DANG Yi;LI Shangzhong;ZHANG Jianjun;XIN Li(Dryland Agricultural Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;Key Laboratory of Efficient Water Utilization in Dryland Farming, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China;Gansu Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou 730020, China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期16-20,共5页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31660364
41561067)
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B02-02)
国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201303104
201503124)
国家现代玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-66)
农业部创新团队
甘肃省重点实验室基金项目(2011GAAS06-2-1)
关键词
株型
春玉米
降水
水分利用效率
产量
plant type
spring maize
rainfall
water use efficiency
yield
