摘要
目的本研究通过回顾性分析某医院2 846名儿童呼吸道异物患儿在人口学特征、诱发因素、确诊时间和异物类型方面的城乡差异,为进一步制定有效的预防措施提供参考依据。方法收集2011年1月1日-2015年12月31日入住湖南省儿童医院且确诊为呼吸道异物的患儿2 846例为本研究对象,回顾性分析患儿性别、年龄、诱发因素、病程时间、异物类型城乡分布的特征。结果儿童呼吸道异物好发于3岁以下患儿(87.28%),男性患儿多于女性患儿,男女比例是1.89:1。城市发病人数明显少于农村,城乡比是1:2.31,不同年龄段性别分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城市地区不同年龄段性别分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),农村地区性别分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童进食时逗惹其哭泣、笑闹是最常见的诱发因素,共有2 076例(72.90%),进食时跌倒致异物吸入有147例(5.19%),因误食而致异物吸入有241例(8.46%),儿童呼吸道异物诱发因素城乡差异无统计学意义(P=0.05)。仅有约20%的儿童呼吸道异物患儿在24 h内确诊,24 h内确诊的城市患儿(22.18%)比例多于农村患儿比例(17.53%),病程大于7 d的城市患儿比例(37.48%)亦大于农村患儿比例(31.94%),确诊时间的城乡差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。花生、瓜子、豆类、板栗、坚果等植物类异物(90.58%)是儿童气管、支气管异物最常见类型,植物性异物类型组中农村患儿比例(91.94%)大于城市患儿比例(87.46%),儿童呼吸道异物类型的城乡分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论 2011-2015年某医院儿童呼吸道异物在流行病学特征、诱发因素、确诊时间和异物类型方面具有城乡差异,因此应该根据不同地区的特点制定特定有效的干预策略和政策,从根本上预防和减少儿童呼吸道异物的发生。
Objective To retrospectively analyze the urban and rural differences in demographic characteristics, predisposing factors, time of confirmed diagnosis and type of foreign bodies among 2,846 pediatric patients with airway foreign bodies in a hospital in Changsha City during 2011-2015, so as to provide a basis for further formulating effective prevention measures. Methods We recruited 2,864 pediatric patients with airway foreign bodies hospitalized in Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha from January 1st, 2010 to December 31th, 2015 to serve as the research objects, and then retrospectively analyzed the urban and rural distribution differences in the pediatric patients’ gender and age, predisposing factors, duration of the disease and types of foreign bodies. Results Most of the patients were children aged 3 years and below （87.28%）, and male patients were more than female ones, with the male to female ratio being 1.89：1. The number of urban cases was significantly less than that of rural cases, with the urban-rural ratio being 1：2.31. The distribution of gender showed a statistically significant difference among different age groups （P〈0.01） as well as among different age groups in the rural areas （P〈0.05）, but showed no statistically significant difference among different age groups in the urban areas （P〉0.05）.Feeding children when they werecrying or laughing was the most common predisposing factor, accounting for 72.91% of the total cases （2,076/2,846）. 147 （5.19%） caseswere due to falling when feedingand 241 （8.46%） cases owing tomistaken eating. Predisposing factors for pediatric airway foreign bodies seemed to show no statistically significant difference between the urban and rural cases （P=0.05）. Only about 20% of the pediatric patients with airway foreignbodies were diagnosed within 24 hours. The proportions of the urban cases confirmed within 24 hours as well as with the disease duration 〉 7 days were respectively higher than those of the rural ones （22.18% vs. 17.53%, 37.48% vs. 31.94%）. There was a statistically significant difference in the time of confirmed diagnosis between the urban and rural cases （P=0.005）. The most common materials in pediatric trachea-bronchial foreign body aspiration were plants （90.58%）, such as peanuts, watermelon seeds, beans, chestnuts and other nuts. Among the cases of trachea-bronchial plant aspiration, the proportion of the urban cases was higher than that of the rural ones （91.94% vs. 87.46%）. The types of pediatric airway foreign bodies showed statistically significant difference between the urban and rural cases （P=0.001）. Conclusions There existed differences in the epidemiological characteristics, predisposing factors, time of confirmed diagnosis and types of foreign bodies between the urban and rural cases of pediatric airway foreign bodies in the Children’s Hospitalin Hunan Provinceduring 2011-2015. Therefore, it is necessary to formulating targeted and effective intervention strategies and policies based on the features of different areas so as to fundamentally prevent and reduce the occurrence of pediatric airway foreign bodies.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2018年第3期325-328,共4页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
呼吸道异物
城乡分布
儿童
airway foreign body
urban and rural distribution
children
