摘要
目的总结职业性哮喘的临床特征，为修订我国职业性哮喘的诊断标准提供依据。方法以＂职业性哮喘＂、＂职业性支气管哮喘＂、＂作业现场支气管激发试验＂作为关键词，检索国内职业性哮喘的病例报道，分析其一般资料、潜伏期、致喘物、临床变现和诊断方法等。结果共统计出公开发表的国内医学专业文献14篇，其中报告318例职业性哮喘，男女比例基本相近，平均发病年龄为38.0岁，潜伏期多为个2个月～19年，致喘物占前3位的分别为异氰酸酯类、青霉素和头孢菌素类、甲醛。在所有患者的诊断过程中，经作业现场支气管激发试验诊断为职业性哮喘152例，占48.8%，依据特异性IgE抗体诊断19例，依据特异性皮肤试验皮肤诊断仅1例。结论职业性哮喘的病因诊断并不容易，我国近半数患者经作业现场支气管激发试验诊断为职业性哮喘。如何认定职业接触与哮喘症状的发生发展存在关系，是我们需解决的主要问题之一。
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical characteristics of occupational asthma and provide a basis for revising the diagnosis of occupational asthma in China.MethodsTaking ＂occupational asthma＂ , ＂occupational bronchial asthma＂ and ＂bronchial provocation test at work site＂ as key words, the case reports of occupational asthma in China were retrieved. The general data, latent period, allergen, clinical manifestation, and diagnostic methods were analyzed.ResultsA total 318 cases from 14 published literatures were reported.The incidence of male and female is basically similar. The average age of onset is 38 years, and the latent period is from 2 months to 19 years. The top 3 allergens were isocyanates, penicillin and cephalosporins, formaldehyde. During the diagnosis process, 48.8% of the patients were diagnosed by bronchial provocation test, and 19 cases were diagnosed according to the specific IgE antibody. Only 1 case was diagnosed according to the specific skin test.ConclusionThe etiological diagnosis of occupational asthma is not easy. Nearly half of the patients in our country have been diagnosed as occupational asthma by bronchial provocation test at work site. How to identify the relationship between occupational exposure and the occurrence of asthma is one of the main problems we need to solve.
作者
张静波
孙道远
Zhang Jingbo;Sun Daoyuan(Dept of Toxicology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, Chin)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期35-38,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
基金
国家卫生计生委卫生标准制定修订项目（20160704）
关键词
职业暴露无遗
哮喘
流行病学研究特征
Occupational exposure
Asthma
Epidemiologic study characteristics
