摘要
本文采用多案例研究方法,探讨了平台组织突破"庙"多"僧"少发展困境的逻辑机制。研究表明:在繁荣与过剩的竞争情境中,平台组织需要重点突破组织身份同质、文化疏离和结构洞资源塌陷三大难点。为此,平台组织既可以通过单方"索取"走向联合共赢的方式构筑合法性资源渠道,也需要围绕创业者的"需求侧",运用"价值捕获"策略拉拢"供给侧"资源,经由园区共生、需求驱动和联盟协同三种路径,采取价值共创方式将合法性资源、制度资源、联盟资源等嵌入平台组织生态圈,以实现组织身份、文化和结构洞资源的整合重构,进而推动平台组织身份建构、文化亲近和资源承诺等竞争力培育,最终完成品牌塑造,实现社会认同和影响力的提升。本文将嵌入性理论引入到平台组织竞争力培育的讨论中,拓展了平台组织理论的研究视角,对平台组织有效应对竞争风险具有一定启示意义。
Platform organization competition has grown fiercer under the circumstance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation. According to the China popular science statistics released by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People＇s Republic of China,by the end of 2016,there are more than 4471 maker spaces in China. The governments spare no effort to support maker space,which has created the propensity of maker spaces and the problem of excess is highlighted gradually. There are many problems that are serious homogenous,hollowing,dependence on government subsidies,occupancy rates are lower 70%,the awareness by society is lower than 25%,insufficient entrepreneurial service,which have become the key bottleneck for restricting the development of maker spaces. Especially,there came the bankrupt events of Firebird Institution,D lab Coffee,Carat Coffee,and the phenomena of Woo Space wholly owned acquisition of Fourwork,Urwork and New Space signed has signed the agreement of a strategic partnership. Those events arouse the academic and practitioners to discuss on how a platform can break the dilemma of ＂temple＂more ＂monk＂.How platform organizations identify competitive environment and through which paths to cultivate competitiveness？Although the existing research from different angles put forward strategies to gain platform competitive advantage,the limitations of previous studies and times situation provide an opportunity for further to expand the platform theory. First,the platform theory originated from product development and most studies focused on the high-tech industry form static perspective. The platform is also seen by researchers as a stable system during a special period and there is a lack of research on the dynamics and evolution of the platform. Second,the platform theory pays attention to the relationship between the platform innovation capability and the platform architecture. Two-sided market platform has the structure of transaction attribute,and committed to solving the ＂chicken-egg＂problem through price strategy. Platform organizations in mass innovation and entrepreneurship environment are widely embedded in the structures of economic,institutional,cultural and industrial. So,it is not comprehensive enough to reflect the influence of the external environment from the angle of platform architecture and price. We also want to know the impact of institution,culture on the cultivation of platform organization competitiveness.This paper employs multiple-case study method,and discusses the logical mechanisms of platform organizations breakthrough the development dilemma of ＂temple＂more ＂monk＂. The results illustrate that,in the context of coexistence of prosperity and excess,winner-take-all strategy,skewed pricing strategy and divide-conquer strategy are difficult to stimulate the network effects of platform organizations. Platform organizations need to overcome three bottlenecks that are organizational identity homogeneous,hierarchical order resources collapse and cultural alienation. For this purpose,platform organizations can build legitimate resource channel from unilateral＂claim＂to a joint win-win situation,and need to focus on the entrepreneur＇s ＂demand side＂,using ＂value capture＂strategy to draw ＂supply side＂resources. Through three paths that are park symbiosis,demand driven and alliance synergy,platform organizations can take the way of value creation to embed the legitimacy resources,institutional resources,alliance resources and social capital into the platform ecosystem. In order to realize the integration and reconstruction of organizational identities,cultures and differential order resources,so as to promote competitive cultivation such as identity construction,cultural closeness and resource commitment of platform organizations. Finally,to complete brand building,and achieve social recognition and enhance social influence. This study introduces the embeddedness perspective into the discussion of risk identification and competitiveness cultivation of platform organization,expands the research perspective of platform organization theory,and has certain enlightenment to the platform organization to effectively deal with the competition risk.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期74-92,共19页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"驱动中国创新发展的创客与众创空间培育战略研究"(15ZDC014)
关键词
平台组织
众创空间
发展困境
竞争力培育
案例研究
platform organization （makerspace
development dilemma （competitiveness cultivation
case study
