摘要
目的评价2种宣教模式对职业院校医学生乙型肝炎健康宣教干预效果,为职业院校开展乙型肝炎相关知识宣教提供参考依据。方法通过整群抽样对铜川市某职业学院9个班级的375名医学生进行乙型肝炎相关知识及对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染态度的基线调查。而后以班级为单位将9个班级随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组采用2个阶段的健康宣教模式,对照组采用1个阶段的健康宣教模式。采用含有乙型肝炎相关知识及对待HBV感染者态度的问卷调查来评估试验组与对照组干预效果。结果 346名学生2次问卷调查均有效,其中试验组209人,对照组137人。基线调查结果显示,试验组与对照组在年龄、性别构成及乙型肝炎相关知识知晓率、对待乙型肝炎感染者态度水平的比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。2种宣教模式效果比较显示,"HBV的3种主要传播途径""与乙型肝炎患者共用教室能否传播HBV""乙型肝炎是否能引起肝硬化""乙型肝炎能否引起肝癌"的知晓率在试验组分别为60.3%、76.6%、72.7%、66.5%,而试验组学生的知晓率分别为35.8%、56.9%、44.5%、48.2%,上述相关知识的知晓率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后试验组与对照组对HBV感染者的态度均较干预前有显著改变,但试验组与对照组相比较学生对待乙型肝炎感染者的态度差异无统计学意义。结论乙型肝炎相关知识健康宣教可以显著增加学生乙型肝炎相关知识知晓率以及改善对待HBV感染者的态度;2个阶段较1个阶段的健康宣教模式能显著提升学生乙型肝炎相关知识的知晓率。职业院校应采取多阶段模式开展乙型肝炎相关知识的宣传教育。
[Objective]To evaluate the intervention effect of two models for health education about hepatitis B related knowledge in medical students from a vocational college,and provide reference for carrying out health education of hepatitis B related knowledge in vocational colleges.[Methods]A total of 375 medical students from 9 classes in a vocational college in Tongchuan City were selected by cluster sampling method and given baseline investigation of hepatitis B related knowledge and attitude to HBV infection individu-als. 9 classed were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The intervention group was given two stages of health education model,and the control group was given first stage of health education model. The questionnaire survey consisting of hepatitis B related knowledge and attitude to HBV infection individuals was used to evaluate the intervention effect.[Results]Questionnaires of 346 students were qualified in two investigations,209 from experimental group and 137 from control group. Baseline investigation result showed that th ere were no statistical significant differences between students from experimental and control group in proportion of age,gender and the awareness rates of hepatitis B related knowledge and attitude to HBV infection individuals（all P〉0.05）. The effect comparison of two health education models showed that： the awareness rates of＂three main transmission of HBV＂＂whether study in the same classroom could transmit HBV＂＂whether hepatitis B could increase the risk of liver cirrhosis＂＂whether hepatitis B could increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma＂in experimental group were 60.3%,76.6%,72.7% and 66.5% respectively,while in control group were 35.8%,56.9%,44.5% and48.2% respectively,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Compared with before intervention,the attitude to HBV infection individuals changed significantly after intervention in experimental and control group,but there was no statistical significant difference between students from experimental and control group.[Conclusion]Hepatitis B related health education can significantly increase the awareness rates of hepatitis B related knowledge and improve the attitude to HBV infection individuals. The two-stage health education model can significantly increase the awareness rates of hepatitis B related knowledge than one stage health education model. The vocational college should adopt multistage model to carry out health education of hepatitis B related knowledge.
作者
姚展妮
刘媛
张维璐
刘团会
康雅维
王波
王安辉
YAO Zhan-ni;LIU Yuan;ZHANG Wei-lu;LIU Tuan-hui;KANG Ya-wei;WANG Bo;WANG An-hui(Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health ,the Fourth Military Medical University,Xi＇an Shaanxi, 710032, China;Department of Medicine, Tongchuan Vocational College, Tongchuan Shaanxi, 727000, China;Department of Clinic ,Xi＇ an Communicate Collage , Xi ＇ an Shaanxi , 710106 , China;Department of Surgery,518 Hospital of PLA ,Xi＇an Shaanxi , 710043 , China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2017年第24期3415-3418,共4页
Occupation and Health
基金
陕西省社发公关项目(2016SF-086)
关键词
医学生
乙型肝炎
健康教育
干预研究
Medical students
Hepatitis B
Health education
Intervention study
