摘要
元人贾铭《饮食须知》是后人托名之作,其中有关南瓜的内容主要应抄录《本草纲目》,同时阴瓜、金瓜等所谓南瓜信息为疑似、误会之言,所谓新大陆发现前我国古籍中已有南瓜的信息均不可靠,我国南瓜应是外来物种。李时珍所说"南瓜种出南番,转入闽浙"并非指南瓜进入我国大陆后的传播过程,而是说葡萄牙(佛郞机)殖民者由广东转闽、浙沿海寻求贸易,南瓜即由这批番人传来,时间应在明正德末年以来的二十多年间。明人有关文献信息充分表明,明朝南瓜分布中心不在华南、东南沿海的粤、闽、浙三省,而是明朝南、北两京间的苏、皖、鲁、冀、晋五省,南瓜首先是在这以南、北两京为中心,以运河为纽带,地缘关系较为紧密的区域内传播扩散而形成分布优势。综观当时中葡外交、商贸关系的具体过程和我国南瓜迅速传播发展的实际状况,南瓜更有可能是明正德十五、六年即公元1520-1521年间由葡萄牙使者分别带到南、北两京,由此形成以两京为中心、北略胜于南的分布格局。南瓜、北瓜属于南瓜不同品种,最初即同时出现,应与这种以两京为中心的分布格局有关,反映了南北不同的品种源头。
Jia Ming of the Yuan Dynasty wrote the book Yinshi Xuzhi which was published under a pseudonym. The contents on pumpkin in this book should be mainly out of Bencao Gangmu,while the name Yin gua and Jin gua and other so-called pumpkin-related information were suspicious or misunderstood. The so-called pumpkin records of ancient Chinese books before the Age of Discovery are not reliable for pumpkin should be alien species in China. Li Shizhen said that " the pumpkin was originally planted in southern foreign lands and introduced into Fujian and Zhejiang,which is not a description for the spread of pumpkin into China's mainland,but means the pumpkin was taken by Portuguese colonists to trade with Chinese people from Guangdong to Fujian and Zhejiang since the last 20 years of Zhengde period of the Ming dynasty. The Ming dynasty records fully indicates that the distribution center of the pumpkin in the Ming Dynasty was not located in coastal provinces like Guangdong,Fujian and Zhejiang,but in the five provinces of Jiangsu,Anhui,Shandong,Hebei and Shanxi as well as Nanjing and Beijing which were connected by the Beijing—Hangzhou Grand Canal and formed the distributional advantage in these geography-related areas. According to the specific process of the diplomatic and commercial relationships between China and Portugal at that time,we can infer that pumpkin was probably brought to Nanjing and Beijing by Portuguese ambassadors between 1520 and 1521 AD which was a period of Zhengde Emperor of the Ming Dynasty,thus forming a distributional pattern of Nanjing and Beijing centers while Beijing center was slightly superior to Nanjing center. Northern and southern pumpkin are two varieties of pumpkin,originally appeared at the same time,which should be related to this Nanjing and Beijing centered pattern of distribution,reflecting the source of different varieties of pumpkin in China.
出处
《阅江学刊》
2018年第2期114-134,共21页
Yuejiang Academic Journal
