摘要
为明确不同花生品种(系)对土壤酸胁迫的响应差异及其机制,本试验在大田条件下,酸化土壤(pH值4.2)及正常土壤(pH值6.0,对照)中比较了19个花生品种(系)产量、主要农艺性状及钙吸收特征等指标的差异。结果表明,酸胁迫条件下,多数花生品种(系)植株钙含量显著下降,较对照平均降低0.18个百分点;酸胁迫降低了生殖体(果针、果壳、籽仁)中钙累积,而整株及营养体(根、茎、叶)钙累积量平均值与对照相差不大,表明酸胁迫主要抑制了果针和荚果对钙的吸收,对根系钙吸收影响较小;此外,酸胁迫显著降低了荚果、籽仁钙利用效率。酸胁迫导致花生徒长,胁迫处理植株干物重平均比对照增加31.2%,其中营养体及针壳增幅明显,籽仁干重下降显著。酸胁迫导致花生荚果性状变劣,酸胁迫下出仁率和空秕率平均值较对照分别降低45.5和55.5个百分点,百果重和荚果产量分别降低70.2%和60.4%。不同品种(系)耐酸系数变幅为0.002~0.548。按照耐酸系数,将供试品种(系)分成耐酸型、中间型及酸敏感型三类,其中L2010和花育32两品种(系)为耐酸型;酸胁迫下荚果产量、出仁率、籽仁钙累积量、荚果钙利用率及籽仁钙利用率等指标与耐酸系数呈极显著正相关,空秕率与耐酸系数呈极显著负相关。本研究为耐酸花生品种选育及酸化土壤花生高产栽培提供了理论依据。
To investgate the response differences and mechanisms of different peanut varieties（lines） to soil acidification stress. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences in peanut yields,agronomic characteristics and calcium（Ca） uptake among 19 varieties（lines） under acidified soil（pH value 4. 2） and normal soil（pH value 6. 0）.Results showed soil acidification stress caused the significant decrease in plant Ca content for the most peanut varieties（lines）,the average peanut Ca content in the acidified soil was decreased by 0. 18 percent point compared to the normal soil. Ca accumulation of plant reproductive parts（peg, shell and kernel） were significantly decreased by soil acidification stress,however there were no significant decreases in average Ca accumulation for the whole plant or vegetative parts（root,stem and leaf） in the acidified soil compared to the normal soil. Soil acidification stress mainly restrained the Ca uptake in peg and pod of peanut but exerted less effect on Ca uptake in root. In addition,Ca use efficiencies in pod and kernel were significantly decreased under soil acidification stress. Plant dry matter weight was increased by 31. 2% in the acidified soil compared to the normal soil. Soil acidification stress induced the overgrowth of the vegetative parts and peg and shell but kernel weight was significantly decreased. Soil acidification stress caused the worse pod characteristics that the shelling percentage and sterile grain rate was decreased by 45. 5 and 55. 5 percent points in the acidified soil,respectively,compared to the normal soil. Meanwhile,the 100-pod weight and pod yield were decreased by 70. 2% and 60. 4%,respectively. Three types of varieties（acid resistant,medium and sensitivity）were defined according to the acid resistant coefficients,which varied from 0. 002 to 0. 548 among the 19 varieties（lines）. The two varieties of L2010 and Huayu32 were classified as the acid resistant type. Moreover,the acid resistant coefficient had extremely significantly positive correlations with some indexes under soil acidification stress,including pod yield,shelling percentage,kernel Ca content,pod Ca use efficiency and kernel Ca use efficiency. However acid resistant coefficient had extremely negative correlation with sterile grain rate under soil acidification stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for peanut breeding with acid resistant variety and high-yield cultivation in acidified soil.
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期751-759,共9页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
山东省自然科学基金博士基金项目(ZR2017BC035)
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31701376)
国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B04)
关键词
酸胁迫
花生
品种间差异
钙吸收
钙效率
acidification stress, peanut, varietal difference, calcium uptake, calcium efficiency
