摘要
钱锺书在著述中曾重点讨论过中西语言哲学都共同关注的名实关系问题,由此形成了其独特的名实观。钱锺书既受到先秦"名实之争"的影响,也明显借鉴了西方的指称理论。他认为不能把"字"与"名"直接等同,字取有意,名求傅实,名之"指称"有别于名之"涵义"。他从历时的角度提出了"可名非常名"的论题,认为指无定名,名逐物而迁;名无定指,指因时而变。对名实关系的辨析是钱锺书阐发文学虚构问题的重要切入点,也是其文学批评中常用的方法。他认为文学语言虚而非伪,诚而不实,有涵义而无指称,因此不应当对其控名责实;分析具体文学现象时,应当辨清名称的真实涵义,不能轻心轻信,顾名忽实。
In his writings,Qian Zhongshu emphasized the relationship betweenname and object,an important topic of both Chinese and Western philosophy of language,thus formed his theory of reference.Qian＇s opinions wereobviously influencedby the debates onname and object during the pre-Qinperiod（before221 BC）and the western theory of reference.Qian does not think that ＂ word＂ equals to ＂ name,＂ for a wordhas its sense,while a name shouldrepresent certainnominatum,as the referent of a name is different from its meaning.From the diachronic perspective,Qianclaimed ＂（The name）that can be named is not a constant name,＂ thinking that the name of an objectis not constant,for it will change with its outsides,and that the referent of a name is not constant either,for it will change with time.For Qian,the analysis of the relationship between nameand objectis an important starting point toelucidate issues of literaryfiction,andalso a valuable method frequently used in his literary criticism.Qian believed that the literary language is not false but fictional,not real but honest,without referent but with sense,and that＇s why we cannot accuse literature ofproblems of truth or reality.In the analysis of literary phenomena,we should clarify the real meaning of a name,in case that we confuse name and object because of imprudence.
出处
《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期109-115,共7页
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)
基金
教育部人文社科基金青年项目(14YJC751025)
中国博士后科学基金第59批面上资助项目(2016M592355)
关键词
钱锺书
名实关系
言意关系
语言哲学
Qian Zhongshu
relationship between name and object
relationship between word and meaning
linguistic philosophy
