摘要
从源头上根治农田残膜,解决干旱区棉田日益严重的"白色污染"问题,采用大田试验研究了5种处理方式:可降解地膜(BMF1~BMF3),塑膜滴灌(MF),裸地对照(CK),对比可降解地膜(BMF)、塑料地膜(MF)、裸地(CK)试验处理中可降解地膜的保温保湿效果以及对棉花生长及产量情况的影响,探索在滴灌条件下可降解地膜代替原有的塑料地膜的应用效果。实验结果表明:可降解地膜覆盖可提高土壤温度,较CK处理5、10、15、20 cm增温5.2%~9.9%、4.8%~9.6%、4.0%~8.5%、3.2%~7.2%;保持土壤含水率,较CK处理平均增湿0.6%~0.13%;显著促进滴灌棉花前期生长,且增产效果显著。与普通塑料地膜(MF)覆盖相比,可降解地膜覆盖棉花产量平均减产2.52%(P<0.05),水分利用效率也降低2.59%(P<0.05)。综上所述,BMF2处理的籽棉产量最高,到达5 262 kg/hm2,较CK处理增产13.21%,较MF处理仅减产2.09%,其水分利用效率也仅次于MF处理,仅减小0.93(P<0.05)。此外可降解地膜还可自然降解,既减少残膜回收工序,又对土壤环境无不良影响,对于干旱区滴灌棉田根治"白色污染"有着重要的研究价值和应用前景。
For the radical cure of farmland residual film from the source to solve the increasingly serious＂white pollution＂problem of cotton fields in arid area,this paper adopts 5 kinds of processing methods,including degradable mulch（ BMF1 to BMF3）,plastic film drip irrigation（ MF） and bare land control（ CK）,to study the insulation moisturizing effect and the influence on cotton growth and production,and to explore the application effect of biodegradable plastic mulch film replacing the original plastic mulch film under the condition of drip irrigation. The experimental results show that： biodegradable mulch can increase the soil temperature of the 5,10,15 and 20 cm layer by5.9% ~ 9.9%,4. 8% ~ 9. 6%,4. 0% ~ 8. 5%,3. 2% ~ 7. 2%,respectively; the soil moisture content can be maintained and the average humidification is 0. 6% ~ 0. 13%; the early growth of drip irrigation cotton is significantly promoted and the effect of increasing yield is significant; the yield of the BMF2 is 5 262 kg/hm2,which is 13.21% higher than that of CK; biodegradable film also can be natural degradation,both reduces the residual film recycling process and has no adverse effects on the soil environment,which has important research value and application prospect for the radical cure of ＂white pollution＂of drip irrigation cotton fields in arid areas.
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2018年第2期1-6,共6页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51369027)
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD20R03)
关键词
滴灌
降解地膜
土壤温度
土壤湿度
棉花
drip irrigation
degradation plastic film
soil temperature
soil moisture
cotton
