摘要
本研究在空气质量为良的情况下(AQI:55~90,PM10:37~97μg·m-3,PM2.5:17~76μg·m-3),于2016年6~8月,用Andersen撞击式分级采样器分别于北京市、新乡市两地室内外共采集6组54个样品,经微波消解仪消解,对大气颗粒物中的9种重金属元素(Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Mn、Co)用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析仪(ICP-MS)进行定量检测.研究发现:两地除Cd富集指数(北京:15.0,新乡:8.47)较高外,其余元素富集指数(0~3)均较低.北京市公园大气颗粒物中的Cr、Co、Cu、Mn,办公室大气颗粒物中的Cd、Pb、Mn,新乡市公园大气颗粒物中的Cr、Co、Ni、As及两地道路大气颗粒物中各金属元素在粗颗粒物中的比重较大;而北京市公园大气颗粒物中的Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、As,办公室大气颗粒物中的Co、Zn、Ni、Cr、As、Cu,新乡市公园大气颗粒物中的Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Mn及办公室大气颗粒物中各金属元素则呈相反规律.人体健康风险评价结果显示,5种致癌元素的致癌风险值均小于10-4,但若长期处于此种环境,会有较低的潜在致癌风险.对于4种非致癌元素而言,北京市大气颗粒物中Pb、Zn、Mn、Cu的非致癌健康风险值都远小于1,即风险可以忽略;除Mn外,新乡市大气颗粒物中的Pb、Zn、Cu均不存在明显非致癌风险.
Under a condition of good air quality（AQI： 55-90,PM10： 37-97 μg·m^-3,PM2. 5： 17-76 μg·m^-3）,six groups of 54 samples were collected using an Andersen cascade impactor from both the indoor and outdoor stations in Beijing and Xinxiang from June to August in 2016. The samples were digested by microwave digestion,and nine heavy metal elements（Pb,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Mn,and Co） in the atmospheric particles were determined with an inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer（ICP-MS）.The results showed that the enrichment index（0-3） of most elements were low in both cities except for Cd [15. 0（Beijing） and 8. 47（Xinxiang） ]. Cr,Co,Cu,and Mn in the atmospheric particles from Beijing park,Cd,Pb,and Mn in the atmospheric particles from the Beijing office,Cr,Co,Ni,and As in the atmospheric particles from Xinxiang park,and all nine heavy metal elements in the atmospheric particles from roads in both cities were found to be more concentrated in the coarse fractions; however,Pb,Zn,Cd,Ni,and As in the atmospheric particles from Beijing park,Co,Zn,Ni,Cr,As,and Cu in the atmospheric particles from the Beijing office,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn in the atmospheric particles from Xinxiang park,and all nine metal elements in the atmospheric particles from the Beijing office showed the opposite pattern. The result of a human health risk assessment indicated that thecarcinogenic risk of the five carcinogenic elements were all less than 10^-4,but a lower potential cancer risk would also occur under long term exposure. For the four non-carcinogenic elements（Pb,Zn,Mn,and Cu）,the non-carcinogenic health risk values of Pb,Zn,Mn,and Cu in the atmospheric particulates in Beijing were all far less than 1,which means the corresponding non-carcinogenic risk was negligible; and,except for Mn,there was no obvious non-carcinogenic risk from Pb,Zn,and Cu in the atmospheric particles of Xinxiang.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期997-1003,共7页
Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(21607038)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M570629,2016T90668)
河南师范大学科学基金项目(5101219279007,5101219170802)
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(16A610002)
关键词
大气颗粒物
重金属
粒径分布
健康风险评价
atmospheric particulates
heavy metal
size distribution
human heahh risk assessment
