摘要
目的了解西藏自治区村民和学生棘球蚴病知识态度和行为现状。方法 2016年8-10月,采用分层整群抽样的方法在西藏自治区70个县(区)抽取调查行政村,每个行政村选取20户养犬户,每户抽取1人进行问卷调查;每个县抽取1所完全小学,从4～6年级中每个年级抽取不少于50名学生进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括人感染棘球蚴的原因,进食前是否洗手,是否与犬玩耍,牛、羊屠宰后病变脏器的处理方式,是否愿意配合免费为犬驱虫等,由调查员询问填写问卷。计算村民和学生对棘球蚴病的知识、态度、行为等的合格率,不同组间率的比较采用χ2检验。结果共调查364个行政村,其中牧区、半农半牧区、农区和城镇分别为109、148、87和20个行政村;共调查村民7 279人,有效问卷7 210份;共抽取70所小学,调查学生10 799人,有效问卷10 274份。村民和学生对棘球蚴病的知识、行为、态度的总合格率为33.76%(5 902/17 484),其中,村民合格率为26.62%(1 919/7 210),学生合格率为38.77%(3 983/10 274),学生总合格率高于村民(χ2=279.88,P<0.01)。仅有6.23%(449/7 210)的村民知晓棘球蚴病由犬传播,学生的为34.30%(3 524/10 274),差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 901.42,P<0.01)。仅有23.27%(1 678/7 210)的村民进食前洗手,学生的为49.74%(5 110/10 274),学生比村民更注意卫生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 249.29,P<0.01)。68.14%(4 913/7 210)的村民从不与犬玩耍,而学生中该比例仅为45.75%(4 700/10 274),差异有统计学意义(χ2=858.47,P<0.01)。在病变脏器的正确处理方面,村民和学生正确处理知晓率均较低,分别为16.92%(1 220/7 210)和26.91%(2 765/10 274),差异有统计学意义(χ2=240.36,P<0.01)。在免费为犬驱虫配合度方面,93.4%的村民愿意配合,仅63.23%的学生愿意配合,村民配合度比学生高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 094.706,P<0.01)。结论西藏自治区村民和学生对棘球蚴病知识的知晓率较低,行为、态度合格率亦较低,不利于棘球蚴病的防控,应当大力开展健康教育宣传。
Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and behaviors toward hydatid disease among villagers and students in Tibet Autonomous Region. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select villages in 70 counties （districts） of Tibet Autonomous Region, and 20 households where dogs were raised were selected in each village. A questionnaire survey was made on one person in each of the households. In each county, a primary school was selected, from which no less than 50 students of each grade in grade 4-6 were selected for questionnairing. Questionnaire content included the cause of human hydatid infection, a habit of handwashing before eating, whether plays with dogs, disposal of diseased organs of sheep after slaughter, and willingness of free deworming for dogs. Questionnaires were read and filled in by investigators. The constitution ratio of knowledge, attitude, and behaviors was calculated and analyzed by χ2 test. Results A total of 364 villages were surveyed in 70 counties （districts）, of which 109, 148, 87 and 20 villages were selected from pastoral area, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral area, agricultural area and town, respectively. A total of 7 279 villagers were surveyed and 7 210 valid questionnaires received. Seventy primary schools were selected for a total of 10 799 students with 10 274 valid questionnaires enrolled. The overall qualified rate of knowledge, behavior and attitude toward hydatid disease was 33.76% （5 902/17 484）. The qualified rate in villagers was 26.62% （1919/7 210）, and that in students was 38.77% （3 983/10 274） （χ2 = 279.88, P 〈 0.01）. Only 6.23% （449/7 210） of the villagers knew that hydatid disease is a dog-transmitted disease, and it was 34.30% （3 524/10 274） in students （χ2 = 1 901.42, P 〈 0.01）. Only 23.27% （1 678/7 210） of the villagers had a habit of handwashing before eating, but higher in students （49.74%, 5 110/10 274） （χ2 = 1 249.29, P 〈 0.01）. In addition, 68.14% （4 913/7 210） of the villagers never played with dogs, while in students this was 45.75% （4 700/10 274） （χ2 = 858.47, P 〈 0.01）. With regard to the correct disposal of diseased organs, both villagers （16.92%, 1 220/7 210） and students （26.91%, 2 765/10 274） had poor knowledge （χ2 = 240.36, P 〈 0.01）. As to the willingness of free deworming for dogs, 93.4% of the villagers showed willingness of cooperation, while only 63.23% of the students did（χ2 = 2 094.706, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion Villagers and students in Tibet Autonomous Region have a poor knowledge, attitude and behaviors toward hydatid disease. Efforts should be made on health education.
出处
《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期38-42,共5页
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases
关键词
棘球蚴病
知识
态度
行为
横断面研究
西藏自治区
Hydatid disease
Knowledge
Attitude
Behavior
Cross-sectional study
Tibet Autonomous Region
