摘要
《婚姻法司法解释(二)》第24条确立了夫妻共同债务推定规则,该规定以日常家事代理权为理论基础,将夫妻共同债务等同于夫妻连带债务。作为夫妻共同财产制的产物,夫妻共同债务是以夫妻共同财产负责的债务。夫妻一方在婚姻关系存续期间以个人名义负担的合同债务,首先是夫妻一方的个人债务。依据夫妻共同债务推定规则,该债务又被推定为夫妻共同债务,以夫妻共同财产和夫妻一方的个人财产清偿。配偶是否对夫妻共同债务负连带责任,按照夫妻日常家事代理权规则认定。不过,日常家事代理权旨在维持夫妻生活共同体,并非夫妻共同债务推定规则的理论基础。配偶对用于夫妻日常生活的借款不负连带责任;用于生产、经营的借款是否属于夫妻共同债务,则应当结合借款收益、企业性质和经营控制权等因素综合认定。
Art. 24 of Interpretation II of the Supreme People＇s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Marriage Law of the People＇s Republic of China established the presumption of commu nity debt. Based on the theory of marital agency, this article treats the community debts of spouses as e quivalent to joint debts of spouses. Based on the regime of community property, community debts only refer to those debts liable to be paid from the community property of spouses. A Contractual obligation incurred by a spouse in his or her own name during marriage is not only a personal debt of the spouse, but also presumed to be a community debt, thus is payable from both the community property of spouses and the personal assets of the spouse who incurs the debt. Whether the debtor＇s spouse is jointly liable for the community debt is determined by rules of marital agency. Marital agency, which aims to maintain the life partnership of spouses, is not the theoretical basis for the presumption of community debt. The non--debtor spouse is not jointly liable for a maintenance loan for living costs. Whether an operating loan amounts to a community debt is determined by several factors such as the profits of the borrowing, the nature of the enterprise, and the control of the enterprise.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期253-276,共24页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
本文系中国法学会青年调研项目“夫妻共同债务清偿规则研究”(项目编号：CLS(2017)Y15)的阶段性成果、中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“夫妻日常家事代理权研究”(项目编号：2017M610808)的阶段惶成果.感谢薛宁兰教授、姚辉教授、许德峰教授、易军教授、冉克平教授、黄忠教授、贺剑、姚明斌、刘明、陆青、金晶、薛启明、卢佩、聂卫锋、严城、王毅纯、季红明、王立栋、吴至诚、丁雯雯、贺瑞、刘凝等师友的宝贵建议和帮助.
关键词
夫妻共同债务
共同财产制
日常家事代理权
连带债务
民间借贷
Community Debts of Spouses
Community Property Regime
Marital Agency
Joint Debts of Spouses
Informal lending
