摘要
宜居宜业是城市生态文明建设的根本目标。我国城市按人口规模可以分为大城市以及中小城市,两类城市在宜居宜业水平提升过程中所要解决的关键问题不同,生态文明评价的重点也不同。因此,分别构建大城市和中小城市差异化的生态文明指标体系,并对城市生态文明发展水平进行评价十分必要。以中国35个省会城市和副省级城市和湖北省7个中小城市为对象,具体分析评价我国城市生态文明建设情况。得出以下结论:(1)我国城市生态文明基本评价体系应该从国土空间优化、资源能源利用、生态环境保护与治理、生态制度建设四个维度进行构建。(2)我国大城市面临着中心城区人口密度过高、交通拥挤、公共服务资源配置不均等问题;而中小城市则面临着土地资源闲置和浪费现象较为突出,生态环境保护意识较为薄弱,资源能源利用效率不高等问题。构建差异化指标体系应基于不同规模城市所面临的资源环境问题和社会经济发展的突出矛盾。(3)2011—2015年,我国城市的生态文明指数处于小幅波动的状态,总体趋势向好。大城市中生态文明指数较高的,往往具有经济与环境均衡发展的特点,且多集中于东部沿海地区;我国中小城市生态文明指数较高的,各维度发展平衡,无明显弱势维度。
It is the basic goal of urban ecological civilization construction to be suitable for living and engaging in economic activities.Cities in China can be divided into large cities and small and medium-sized cities according to the population scale.The key problems to be solved in the process of upgrading the livable level of the two kinds of cities are different,and the emphasis of ecological civilization evaluation is different.Therefore,it is necessary to construct the index system of ecological civilization in big cities and small and medium-sized cities,and evaluate the development level of urban ecological civilization.Taking 35 provincial and sub-provincial cities in China and 7 small and medium-sized cities in Hubei Province as the objects,this paper analyzes and evaluates the construction of urban ecological civilization in China.The conclusion is as follows：（1）The basic evaluation system of urban ecological civilization in China should be constructed from four dimensions：land and space optimization,resource and energy utilization,ecological environment protection and governance,and ecological system construction;（2）China＇s big cities are faced with the problems of high population density,traffic congestion and unequal allocation of public service resources in the central urban areas.On the other hand,small and medium-sized cities are faced with the problems of idle and wasteful land resources,weak awareness of ecological environment protection,low efficiency of resource and energy utilization,and so on.The construction of differential index system should be based on the problems of resources and environment faced by cities of different sizes and the outstanding contradiction of social and economic development;（3）From 2011 to 2015,the ecological civilization index of Chinese cities is in a state of small fluctuation,and the overall trend is better.The cities with high ecological civilization index in big cities tend to have the characteristics of balanced development of economy and environment,and most of them are concentrated in the eastern coastal areas.The development of each dimension in the cities with high ecological civilization index in small and medium-sized cities in China is balanced,and there is no obvious weak dimension.
出处
《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期102-113,共12页
Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"我国资源环境问题的区域差异和生态文明指标体系研究"(11&ZD040)
中宣部文化名家暨"四个一批"人才项目
关键词
国土空间优化
生态制度建设
生态文明指数
land and space optimization
ecological system construction
ecological civilization index
