摘要
本文基于详细的净息差数据,系统分析了美国银行业的净息差特点。研究结果表明:美国银行业净息差与银行规模呈负相关关系,不同地区的净息差异质性较大,不同业务类型银行的净息差呈现出较大差异。美国银行业高息差的形成与实体经济的增长,以存贷款为主的资产负债结构,融资结构和银行业市场结构趋稳,较为成熟的市场化定价机制,各州间差异化的监管机制,以及实施差别、累进和高补偿利率的准备金制度有关。当前,中国银行业净息差管理面临经济增速下滑、资金"脱实向虚"、同质化竞争加剧、存贷款定价的市场化程度偏低、杠杆水平攀升,以及高法定存款准备金率和低补偿利率等方面的挑战。下一步,应借鉴美国银行业净息差管理的经验,在保持稳健宏观经济环境、引导银行业回归本源、优化银行业市场结构、完善银行业市场定价机制、提升银行业杠杆管理能力以及完善存款准备金制度等方面多措并举,推动我国银行业净息差水平保持在平稳健康区间。
Based on the detailed net interest margin(NIM) data, this paper analyzes the net interest margin characteristics of the U.S. banking industry. This paper finds that the U.S. banking net interest margins are negatively related with bank sizes, heterogeneous in different regions, and different types of commercial bank's net interest margins have big differences. The high level net interest margin of the U.S. banking industry is related to the growth of the real economy, the assets and liabilities structure mainly consisting of savings and loans, the financing structure and the banking market structure stabilization, the relatively mature market pricing mechanism, the different supervision mechanisms between states, the different deposit reserve rate and the higher compensation rate on the reserve rate. Currently, the net interest margin management of China's banking industry faces the problems of declining in economic growth, the capital flowing from real economy to virtual economy, the homogeneous competition, the low level marketization of savings and loans pricing, rising high leverages, the high level of reserve ratio and the challenge of low compensation rate, etc. We should learn from the U.S. banking industry in managing the net interest margins, including maintaining stable macroeconomic environment, guiding the banking sector return to the origin, optimizing the structure of banking market, improving the mechanism of banking market pricing, improving banking leverage management ability and completing the system of reserve ratio and so on, so that to promote our banking net interest margin level in a smooth and healthy range.
出处
《金融监管研究》
北大核心
2018年第1期1-19,共19页
Financial Regulation Research
关键词
净息差
存贷款定价
同质化竞争
杠杆率
Net Interest Margin
Pricing of Deposits and Loans
Homogeneous Competition
Leverage Ratio
