摘要
目的探讨适合中国农村地区0~35月龄儿童的多维贫困测量方法,并了解部分贫困地区儿童贫困状况。方法资料来自2013年7—9月于山西和贵州贫困地区开展的横断面调查,选取其中资料完整的1 754名<3岁儿童及其看护人进行分析。多维儿童贫困测量维度包括水和卫生设施、营养、健康、早期教育、保护、参与。用多重交叠剥夺分析法分析多维贫困,家庭收入法分析收入贫困。结果多维贫困率为53.08%,收入贫困率为47.04%。水和卫生设施维度剥夺比例最高,为90.25%,其他维度剥夺比例依次为早期教育52.96%、保护46.69%、健康35.58%、参与25.66%、营养15.30%。水和卫生设施维度和早期教育维度对儿童贫困的贡献最大,分别为26.53%和22.06%。贵州儿童贫困率明显高于山西,小月龄、少数民族、母亲文化程度低、家中人口多、家中经济条件差的儿童群体贫困率更高。结论调查地区婴幼儿面临严重的多维度贫困,单纯经济导向的扶贫难以改善他们的福利状况;多维贫困测量方法有利于识别和定位儿童贫困,制定特异性策略来改善儿童福利,促进儿童早期发展。
Objective To explore the status of multidimensional poverty and a suitable method for its measurement among the children aged 0 – 35 months in poor rural areas of China.Methods The data on 1 754 less than 3 years old children and their caregivers were extracted from a cross-sectional survey conducted in poor rural areas of Shanxi and Guizhou province between July and September 2013. The 6 dimensions of multidimensional poverty included water and sanitation, nutrition, health, early education, protection, and participation. Multiple overlapping deprivation analysis （MODA） was adopted to evaluate multidimensional poverty and family income method was used in income poverty assessment.Results The rate of multi-dimensional child poverty （deprived in three or more dimensions） was 53.08% and the rate of income poverty （annual per capita income of less than 2 300 RMB yuan） was 47.04%. The rate of water and sanitation deprivation （90.25%） was the highest and the rates of other deprivations were 52.96% for early education, 46.69% for protection, 35.58% for health, 25.66% for participation, and 15.30% for nutrition. Water and sanitation and early education exhibited greater contribution to child poverty, accounting for 26.53% and 22.06% of the total poverty. The poverty rate was significantly higher among the small children in Guizhou province than among those in Shanxi province. The poverty rate was much higher among the children at younger age, being ethnic minority, with lower maternal education, with more family members, and with a poor household economic condition.Conclusion Multidimensional poverty is serious among small children in poor rural areas of Shanxi and Guizhou province and economic support alone could hardly improve the well-being of the children. Multidimensional measurement of poverty is helpful to identify and assess child poverty for making targeted strategies in promoting the well-being of the children.
作者
魏乾伟
王晓莉
郝波
张敬旭
罗树生
赵春霞
郭素芳
Scherpbier Robert
WEI Qian-wei, WANG Xiao-li, HAO Bo, et al(Department of Child Healthcare, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, Chin)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期204-209,共6页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
关键词
儿童贫困
多维度贫困
多重交叠剥夺分析
婴幼儿
儿童福利
child poverty
multidimensional poverty
multiple overlapping deprivation analysis
infants and young children
child well-being
