摘要
鸦片战争前后,国名译词大量进入汉语词汇系统。经考察,《海国图志》卷三十七至卷六十九欧美主要国家的国名译词歧异严重,反映了当时国名译词的基本情况。国名译词歧异的成因主要在于不同的译者采用不同的翻译方式,或者同是音译而源语词不同,同是意译而取义理据不同,也有音译者对同一源语词的语音感知不同而译音不同的。面对歧异,当时学者采用文中加注的方法沟通说明,虽有利于读者理解,但治标难治本。歧异的国名译词可以通过汉化和优化,逐渐走向规范而最终融入汉语系统。
Before and after the Opium War,a large number of national names that were translated by Chinese had entered Chinese vocabulary system. According to the field investigation data,these names of European and American countries in Haiguotuzhi from Vols. 37 to 69 vary widely,which reflects the basic situations of Chinese-translated-national-names. Its causes mainly lie in the fact that different translators adopt different translation methods,the same transliteration has different exogenous words,the same free translation has different motivations,or the translators have different speech perceptions of the same word. In the face of these differences,the scholars use the rationale or explanation filling method to explain,so as to help the readers to understand. However,it can act only as a symptomatic treatment,and it is difficult to achieve radical results. Gradually these differently translated names have been Chinesized,optimized and standardized,eventually integrated into the Chinese language.
作者
李运富
牛振
LI Yun-fu ＆ NIU Zhen(School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Chin)
出处
《湖南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期128-140,共13页
Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“古今字资料库建设及相关专题研究”(13&ZD129)
国家社科基金重点项目“历代训注古今字汇编及数据库建设”(13AYY006)
关键词
鸦片战争前后
《海国图志》
国名译词
源语词
汉化
before and after the Opium War
Haiguotuzhi
Chinese-translated-national-names
exogenous words
Chinesization
