摘要
【目的】近年来,随着计算机性能的不断提升数值模拟技术已成为定量预测和评价微气候的重要研究手段。植物作为影响微气候的重要因子之一,数值模拟能否准确反映其在当地气候条件下的热表现值得研究。本文的研究旨在验证城市微气候模拟软件ENVI-met(4.2 Science版)在广州地区湿热气候下模拟细叶榕生理特性和微气候表现的适用性。【方法】通过实测广州地区常用乔木细叶榕的树冠形态、叶片属性和根系形态,对其进行ENVI-met建模并进行模拟分析,将模拟结果与2017年春夏两季实测的数据进行对比。【结果】生理特性方面,叶温模拟值与实测值变化趋势一致,但夏季午后数值明显偏高;蒸腾速率模拟值在上午和傍晚时刻与实测值较接近,中午峰值明显低于实测值。微气候表现方面,各微气候参数(太阳辐射、地表温度、空气温湿度)模拟值的日变化趋势与实测值一致。模拟值与实测值相比,树冠对太阳辐射的遮挡率接近,树冠对地表温度的降温幅度与实测值较一致,但树下与空旷处及各方向树冠中的气温偏高、湿度偏低,温差与湿度差数值偏小。同时,本文利用均方根误差和一致性指数作为指标进行误差分析,表明模拟结果与实测结果有较好的一致性,模拟可对乔木影响下的室外热环境进行较好的预测,并认为误差可能由软件版本、软件计算设定、建模网格分辨率等原因引起,但尚在可接受范围内。【结论】通过比较实测与模拟数据,验证了ENVI-met(4.2 Science版)能够较好地模拟湿热气候下乔木的生理指标及热表现,并能够准确预测各参数的日变化趋势。研究成果为应用ENVI-met模拟室外热环境提供了基础校验,并对植物建模提出了优化建议。
[Objective] Nowadays, with the continuous improvement of computer performance,numerical simulation has become an important study method in predicting and evaluating microclimate.Vegetation is one of the important elements in landscape design and plays a significant role in thermal environment,its simulation performance under hot-humid conditions is worth evaluating comprehensively.This paper is to validate the adaptability of city microclimate simulating software ENVI-met（ V4. 2 Science） in simulating both physiological and microclimatic performance of Ficus microcarpa in hot-humidregion of Guangzhou,southern China. [Method] By measuring the crown form,foliage property and root form of Ficus microcarpa in Guangzhou Region and the tree model was built and analyzed by ENVImet. The simulation result was compared with observation data measured from spring and summer in 2017. [Result] Results showed that,for physiological parameters,the simulated leaf temperature has the same trend with the measured one,while the simulated data is much higher in the summer afternoon.The simulated transpiration rate was close to the measured data in the morning and evening,while the peak value in midday was obviously lower than the measured one. In microclimatic parameters,the daily changing trends of simulated microclimate parameters（ solar radiation, surface temperature, air temperature,and air humidity） were consistent with the measured ones. The reduction rate of solar radiation and reduction value of surface temperature from tree canopy were close to the measured values.The air temperature data under tree and inside tree crown in varied directions were higher than the measured data,and the humidity data were lower. The temperature and humidity difference between the treeless site and the shading site were much smaller than the measured ones. The root mean square error and index of agreement were used as the indicators of statistical evaluation,hence showing that the ENVImet model was capable of predicting the microclimate with good accuracy. The error was acceptable and may be caused by the software version,the software calculation setting and the grid size resolution ratio of tree modeling. [Conclusion] In conclusion,ENVI-met can well simulate the physiological property and thermal performance trends of trees in hot-humid climate. This study comprehensively evaluates the performance of vegetation models,hence come up with the optimization suggestions for tree modelling and could be a strong support for the outdoor thermal environmental research in hot-humid regions of further studies.
作者
刘之欣
郑森林
方小山
陆筱慧
赵立华
Liu Zhixin, Zheng Senlin ,Fang Xiaoshan, Lu Xiaohui, Zhao Lihua(Building Energy Efficiency Laboratory, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Chin)
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期1-12,共12页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
广东省自然科学基金项目"岭南园林典型案例热环境测定与评价研究"(2015A030313218)
亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室自主研究课题(2017KB10)
广州市越秀区科技项目(2016-GX-013)
