摘要
[目的]研究不同肥料对小麦植株干物质积累量、收获产量及根际土壤酶活性(脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶)和根际土壤养分含量(碱解氮、速效磷、有机质)的影响为目的,探究适合试验区小麦生产的肥料种类。[方法]本试验在山西省运城市垣曲县的旱地小麦复播玉米田进行,供试小麦品种烟农21,供试肥料8种,分别是NPK复合肥F1(NP2O5-K2O=28-10-7)、F2(N-P2O5-K2O=25-15-5)、F3(N-P2O5-K2O=20-10-10)和F5(N-P2O5-K2O=16-20-6)、有机无机复合肥F4、微生物菌剂F6、高浓缩缓释肥F7、生物有机肥F8。[结果](1)返青期到拔节期,干物质积累增加幅度较小(最高增长率为F4肥料处理145.2%),拔节期至抽穗期,F4、F1和F3肥料处理可有效促进小麦干物质积累积累显著提升(F3肥料处理的增长率可达205.7%)。(2)F1和F7肥料处理对小麦土壤酶活性的提高效果最好。(脲酶活性最大为F1、F7肥料处理,均可达0.11mg NH3-N·g-1 soil·24h-1;磷酸酶活性最大值为F1肥料处理0.80mg Phenol·g-1 soil·24h-1;蔗糖酶活性最高值为F1肥料处理21.75mg Glucose·g-1 soil·24h-1)(3)F1、F4和F7肥料处理则更有助于提高小麦土壤养分含量(碱解氮含量最高值为F1肥料处理44.69mg·kg-1;速效磷含量最高值为F1肥料处理5.07mg·kg-1;有机质含量较高的处理为F7、F4肥料处理,分别可达7.43、7.33g·kg-1)。(4)F4和F3肥料更有利于小麦产量的提高(F4肥料处理高于CK处理31.23%)。[结论]该试验为研究肥料种类对小麦土壤肥力及产量的影响提供一定理论依据。
[Objective]The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilizers on wheat dry matter accumulation,grain yield and rhizosphere soil enzyme activities(urease,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase)and rhizospheric soil nutrient content(available nitrogen,available phosphorus,organic matter),indicating the fertilizer type which was suitable for wheat production in the area.[Methods]The experiment was carried out in dry land wheat replanting corn field in Yuanqu County,Yuncheng City,Shanxi Province.Eight test fertilizers were adopted before the wheat variety‘Yannong 21'was planted in the field.These fertilizers were respectively:the NPK compound fertilizers including F1(N-P2 O5-K2 O=28-10-7),F2(N-P2 O5-K2 O=25-15-5),F3(N-P2 O5-K2 O=20-10-10)and F5(N-P2 O5-K2 O=16-20-6),microbial fertilizer F6,highly concentrated slow-release fertilizer F7 and bio-organic fertilizer F8.No fertilization was used as control treatment.[Results]The result showed that:(1)The wheat plant dry matter accumulation increased slowly from reviving to jointing stages(The highest growth rate was F4 fertilizer treatment:145.2 %),but increased significantly from jointing to heading stages,F4,F1 and F3 fertilizers were more effective for the wheat dry matter accumulation(The growth rate of F3 fertilizer ups to 205.7 %).(2)F1 and F7 fertilizers had the best effect onimproving the rhizospheric soil enzyme activity of wheat(The treatments of maximum urease activity were F1,F7 treatments,both up to 0.11 mg NH3-N·g-1 soil·24 h-1;the maximum phosphatase activity was F1 fertilizer treatment:0.80 mg Phenol·g-1 soil·24 h-1;the highest sucrase activity was F1 fertilizer treatment:21.75 mg Glucose·g-1 soil·24 h-1).(3)F1,F4 and F7 fertilizers were more conducive to raising the rhizospheric soil nutrient content of wheat(The highest content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus were F1 fertilizer treatment:44.69,5.07 mg·kg-1,and the highest content of organic matter were F7 and F4 treatments:7.43,7.33 g·kg-1).(4)F4 and F3 fertilizers were more benefit to increasing wheat yield(F4 fertilizer treatment was higher than CK treatment 31.23 %).[Conclusion]The experiment provided the theoretical basis for studying the effect of fertilizer types on grain yield and soil fertility of wheat.
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第4期44-55,共12页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD23B04-2)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201503120)
国家自然科学基金(31101113)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24)
山西省‘1331工程’
关键词
施肥
小麦
土壤酶活性
土壤养分含量
产量
Fertilization
Wheat
Soil enzyme activity
Soil nutrition content
Yield
