摘要
目的分析2010—2016年随州市尘肺病发病情况,为进一步采取有效措施预防和控制尘肺病提供科学依据。方法登录《职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统》尘肺病报告卡界面,按年度、地区、行业、经济类型等导出2010—2016年随州市尘肺病报告卡,再筛选出新发病例报告卡72张。对资料进行统计分析。结果 72例尘肺病中以矽肺(95.83%)为主,其中壹期尘肺20例,贰期尘肺21例,叁期尘肺31例;不同期别的平均诊断年龄差异无统计学意义,平均接尘工龄(F=6.029,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义。企业以私营企业(91.67%)为主。行业分布以采矿业和制造业为主。工种以凿岩工(31.94%)和掘进工(18.06%)为主。地区分布以随县(73.61%)为主。尘肺病有无合并疾病(χ2=15.50,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义。肺功能损害以叁期尘肺为主,且与尘肺分期相关(χ2=29.03,P<0.01)。尘肺分期越高、接尘工龄越长、合并疾病越高、肺功能损害越严重,以限制性通气损害为主。结论重点加强采矿业和制造业的尘肺病防治工作,建立、健全接尘人员的健康监护档案,同时加大对企业职工职业病知识的培训,提高个人防护意识,最大限度减少粉尘危害,对控制尘肺病发生发展具有重要意义。
Objective To analyze the occurrence of pneumoconiosis in Suizhou City from 2010 to 2016 and to provide scientific evidence for further taking effective measures to prevent and control pneumoconiosis. Methods By logging in the pneumoconiosis report card interface of the Occupational Diseases and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System,the pneumoconiosis report cards of Suizhou city from 2010 to 2016 were exported by year,region,industry and economic type,and then 72 new case report card were screened out. The data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results Most of the 72 pneumoconiosis patients had silicosis（ 95. 83%）,including 20 with stage I pneumoconiosis,21 with stage II pneumoconiosis and 31 with stage III pneumoconiosis; there were no statistically significant differences in average age of diagnosis between patients in different stages,but there was statistically significant differences in average working age of exposure to dust（ F = 6. 029,P 0. 05）. Most of enterprises were private enterprises（ 91. 67%）. The industries were mainly distributed in mining and manufacturing. The common types of work were drillman（ 31. 94%） and heading driver（ 18. 06%）. Most of the patients came from Sui County（ 73. 61%）. There were statistically significant differences between pneumoconiosis patients with and without complications（ χ2= 15. 50,P 0. 05）. Lung function impairment was primarily stage III pneumoconiosis and was associated with pneumoconiosis（ χ2= 29. 03,P 0. 01）. Higher pneumoconiosis stage,higher working age of exposure to dust or more complications would lead to severer lung function impairment. Conclusion To focus on strengthening the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in the mining industry and the manufacturing industry,build and improve the health monitoring profiles of personnel exposed to dust,increase the training of knowledge about occupational diseases for enterprise employees,enhance personal protective awareness and minimize dust damage is of great significance to controlling the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis.
作者
张杨
赵琨
后加祥
周沛林
黄建新
ZHANG Yang, ZHAO Kun, HOU Jiaxiang, ZHOU Peilin, HUANG Jianxin(Suizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suizhou, Hubei 441300, China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2018年第2期118-121,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
随州市卫生和计划生育委员会医学科研项目(2015SMR076)
关键词
尘肺病
新发病例
流行病学
Pneumoconiosis
New cases
Epidemiology
