摘要
本文以清宫所藏奏折与内务府档案中所包含的大量获罪官员的抄家记录为基础,系统估算清代官绅家庭的资产结构。过去对传统社会精英阶层家庭财产和收入的理解,以田地、房屋首当其冲,偶或涉及借贷资本,但是对各自比重一直没有明确数字。我们先设计一套可以与现代家庭资产统计方式接轨的分类框架,然后介绍对家产各项内容的估价方法,并举案例说明。最后通过对185个官绅家产案例进行统计和分析,发现这些案例在金融商业类资产项下有不低的比重,同时,金玉铜磁、绸缎皮衣等各种实物也占据了相当的份额。作为传统资产形式的田房不动产一方面是投资置业首选,但另一方面当财富积累到一定水平后比重不断下降,以致在社会财富阶梯顶端已不具明显优势。
This paper contributes to our general understanding of elite households ＇ asset holdings during the Qing Dynasty by looking at official asset holdings reports for property-confiscation cases. A required practice during the Qing was that when an official or businessman was punished for wrong-doing and if his household assets were confiscated,the investigator had to file a detailed report of all assets held by his household. Records of these reports were kept at the Imperial Household Department（ neiwufu）. By searching through archives at the First Historical Archives of China and other sources,we have collected a sample of 185 such confiscation cases,including data on land and house ownership as well as other latent variables such as loan and pawn shops owned and covering the 18 th and 19 th century. This sample presents a picture of how elite household asset portfolio structures evolved in Qing China. Our study shows that collecting luxury goods was far more common among municipal elites and financial assets were only a small part in their asset portfolios. Property ownership was found to be their most-preferred form of investment,but the fraction of wealth invested in land and real property would decline with wealth once the level of wealth was above a certain point.
作者
云妍
陈志武
林展
YUN Yan;CHEN Zhiwu;LIN Zhan(Institute of Modern History, The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Asia Global Institute,The University of Hongkong/Tsinghua Universit;Institute of Qing History, Renmin University of Chin)
出处
《金融研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期61-81,共21页
Journal of Financial Research
关键词
清代
官绅
抄家
家产
家庭资产结构
Qing Times, Chinese Official - elite, Property - confiscation, Households＇ Assets, Structure of Households＇ Assets
