摘要
目的:了解甘肃藏族育龄妇女生殖健康知识、行为和态度现状,为政府加强少数民族地区生殖健康技术服务体系建设提供依据。方法:对甘肃牧区(玛曲县尼玛尼玛镇)和城镇(天祝县华藏寺镇)藏族育龄妇女进行生殖健康知识、态度、行为问卷调查。结果:城镇藏族妇女对于生殖健康含义、获取生殖健康知识途径以及对于性病及其传播方式的知晓率显著高于牧区妇女(P<0.001);两组在妇科疾病检查次数、不去就诊原因、罹患疾病类型、性生活频率、性卫生等方面有差异(P<0.001);对于生殖健康知识的需求,城镇藏族妇女倾向于妇幼保健、优生优育、避孕节育、性生理/性心理、性病艾滋病预防;牧区藏族妇女倾向于妇幼保健、避孕节育、性病艾滋病预防、性生理/性心理、新婚保健、人工流产后果与预防、二胎生育知识等,两组差异有统计学意义(χ~2=20.23,P=0.009);对于生殖健康知识的获取途径,医生和计划生育人员是藏族妇女首选来源方式,此外城镇藏族妇女希望通过广播电视报刊杂志(41%)、朋友交流(11.5%)、微信微博(9%)途径,牧区藏族妇女希望通过微信微博(20.5%)、朋友交流(18%)、学校教育(11.5%)途径获取生殖健康知识,差异具统计学意义(χ~2=33.065,P<0.001)。结论:城镇藏族妇女和牧区藏族妇女对于生殖健康知识、态度和行为显著不同,应根据其不同需求给予针对性健康教育。通过多部门联动,实施有针对性、可持续发展的长期培训计划和双语生殖健康知识宣传教育,改善少数民族地区育龄妇女的健康服务体系。
Objective：To investigate the reproductive health（RH）knowledge,attitude and behavior of tibetan reproductive women from pastoral area and urban area of Gansu province,and to provide evidence for government to strengthen the reproductive health technology service system of minority regions.Methods：A questionnaire survey on RH knowledge,attitude and behavior was conducted among 200 Tibetan women from pastoral area（ Nima town of Maqu county）and 200 Tibetan women from urban area（Huazangsi town of Tianzhu county）.Results：The rate of known RH significance,the access to RH knowledge,and the awareness rate of sexually transmitted diseases（STDs）and their transmitted ways of Tibetan women from urban were significantly better than those of Tibetan women from pastoral（P 〈0.001）.There were significant differences in visited doctors frequency for examining gynecological diseases,reasons of refusing visited doctors,type of sickness,the frequency of intercourse,and rate of reproductive hygiene between the two groups（P〈0.001）.As for the demands of RH,Tibetan women from urban would like to accept maternal and children health care,eugenics service,contraception service,sexual physiology and psychology knowledge,and STDs/ AIDS preventing.On the contrary,Tibetan women from pastoral women would like to accept the knowledge of maternal and children health care,contraception service,STDs/AIDS preventing,sexual physiology and psychology knowledge,just married couple care,the knowledge and prevention of artificial abortion,and the knowledge relation to two-child policy,which had significant differences between Tibetan women from urban and from pastoral（Х^2=20.2,P = 0.009）.As for the ways of accessing RH knowledge,from hospital doctor and family planning servicing personnel were the first choice of Tibetan women.Tibetan women from urban would liked to know RH information by newspaper and magazines（41%）,friends communication（11.5%）,Wechat and blogging（9 %）,but Tibetan women from pastoral women intended to know RH information by Wechat and blogging（20.5 %）,friends communication（18%）,school education（ 11.5%）,which had significant differences between the two groups（Х^2= 33.1,P〈 0.001）.Conclusion：There are significant differences in RH knowledge,attitude and behavior between Tibetan reproductive women from pastoral and from urban.The targeted and sustainable development plan on long time training programs and reproductive health education and propaganda in Chinese and Tibetan language should be conducted by multiple departments collaboration for improving health service system of child-bearing age women from ethnic minority areas.
作者
金措
曾茂兰
张瑞红
朱丽倩
马卫红
闫兵
马薇
JIN Cuo;ZENG Maolan;ZHANG Ruihong;ZHU Liqian;MA Weihong;YAN Bing;MA Wei(The Third Hospital of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730020;Medical School of Northwest Minzu University;The People＇s Hospital of Maqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture)
出处
《中国计划生育学杂志》
2018年第4期254-259,共6页
Chinese Journal of Family Planning
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.81460498)
甘肃省自然科学基金(145RJZA162)
兰州市科技局项目资助(2014-1-68)
国家民委中青年英才计划[(2014)121]
关键词
牧区
城镇
藏族
育龄妇女
生殖健康
Reproductive health （RH）
Pastoral area
Urban area
Tibetan
, Reproductive women
