摘要
目的对2014—2016年北京市西城区麻疹疑似病例的实验室检测结果进行分析,掌握本地区麻疹流行趋势,为有效防治麻疹提供科学依据。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对麻疹疑似病例血清标本同时检测麻疹、风疹Ig M抗体。结果 2014—2016年共检测麻疹疑似病例486例。检出麻疹IgM抗体阳性146例,阳性率为30.04%;风疹IgM抗体阳性19例,阳性率为3.91%。麻疹Ig M抗体阳性年龄主要分布于18~34岁年龄组,其次是35~50岁年龄组。分别占全年麻疹IgM抗体阳性病例总数的36.3%、32.19%。风疹IgM抗体阳性年龄主要分布于18~34岁年龄组,占全年风疹IgM抗体阳性病例总数的68.42%。性别分布差异无统计学意义,男女感染发病无差别。2014—2016年各年度麻疹发病具有季节性,流行高峰主要集中在3~6月,各年度流行高峰期略有不同。免疫史不同麻疹IgM抗体阳性率无统计学差异。结论免疫史0剂次和不详是麻疹发病的主要原因,提示应加强麻疹免疫接种和强化接种的工作力度,同时加强风疹的监测工作。在麻疹高发季节,加强对青壮年及育龄期妇女等易感人群的麻疹、风疹抗体水平监测工作,排除风疹对临床诊断的干扰,控制麻疹在人群中的传播。
[Objective]To analyze the laboratory testing results of suspected measles cases in Xicheng District of Beijing from2014-2016,explore the measles epidemiological characteristics of measles in this area,and provide the scientific basis for effective prevention and control of measles.[Methods]The serum samples from suspected measles cases were detected for the Ig M antibodies against the measles and rubella by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.[Results]From 2014 to 2016,totally 486 suspected measles cases were detected.There were 146 positive cases for measles Ig M antibody and 19 positive cases for rubella Ig M antibody,and the positive rate was 30.04% and 3.91% respectively.The positive cases with measles Ig M antibody mainly concentrated in 18-34 year-old age group,followed by 35-50 year-old age group,which respectively accounted for 36.3%and 32.19% of total positive cases.The positive cases with rubella Ig M antibody mainly concentrated in 18-34 year-old age group,accounting for 68.42% of total positive cases respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in sex distribution,and the difference in the infectious rate was no statistically significant between males and females.The epidemic situation of measles showed the seasonality from 2014-2016,the peak season appeared March to June,and the peak period of each year was slightly different.There was no statistically significant difference in positive rate of measles Ig M antibody among different immunization history groups.[Conclusion]Zero-dose immunization and unknown immunization history are the main causes of measles,and it is indicated that the measles immunization and reinforced vaccination should be strengthened,and monitoring of rubella should be enhanced.During the peak season of measles,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring on antibody levels of measles and rubella in young adults,fertile women and other susceptible population,and eliminate the disturbance of rubella to clinical diagnosis,to control the spread of measles.
作者
王宵雪
胡三梅
庞晶晶
WANG Xiao-xue;HU San-mei;PANG Jing-jing(Microbiology Laboratory,Xicheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100120, China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2018年第5期630-633,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
麻疹
风疹
疑似病例
IGM抗体
检测
Measles
Rubella
Suspected case
IgM antibody
Detection
