摘要
我国现有各类水库大坝9.8万余座,为保障我国防洪、供水、粮食、能源和生态等的安全奠定了重要基础。但由于受筑坝当时国力国情以及科技水平等多种因素的制约和影响,在本世纪初,约有40%的水库大坝为病险工程,此外还有不少工程存在不同程度的老化和劣化问题,严重威胁到水库大坝的安全服役。为了全面改善我国水库大坝安全状况,国家开展了大规模的病险水库除险加固建设;且随着大量工程步入高龄阶段,水库大坝的补强修复和除险加固将成为一项常态化工作。以重力坝工程为对象,在对重力坝病险除控典型工程措施阐述的基础上,从渗流安全分析与病险除控效能评估、开裂安全分析与病险除控效能评估、稳定性分析与增稳措施实施效能评估、服役可靠度分析与除险加固影响评估等方面,论述重力坝病险除控典型工程措施、实施效能评估的研究现状。建议今后应加强多种除控措施的联合使用、渗流病险除控效能的确定与不确定组合方法、裂缝抑制与承载力提升机理、重力坝系统增稳后的能量变化规律、重力坝服役可靠度分析与除险加固综合贡献等方面的深入研究,以建立和完善重力坝典型工程措施及实施效能评估体系。
Totally 98,000 reservoir dams of various types have been built in China, forming a solid foundation of the security system for flood control, water supply, grain production, power generation, and ecological protection. However, nearly 40% of these dams were dangerous at the beginning of this century, when dam construction was restricted and influenced by various factors, such as the national strength and conditions and the level of science and technology. Besides, quite a few projects are suffering from aging and deterioration in varying degrees and thus posing a grave threat to the service of the reservoirs and dams and even to their safety. To improve the safety of dangerous reservoirs and dams comprehensively, a large-scale reinforcement construction has been carried out in China. Meanwhile, reinforcement of reservoirs and dams will be a normal work as a large number of projects become aged. This paper reviews the gravity dams along with the existing danger-removal and control measures, and discusses the state of art in typical engineering measures and performance evaluation on them, focusing on four aspects： seepage safety and performance evaluation of the danger-removal and control measures, crack safety and performance evaluation of the danger control-removal measures, structure stability and performance evaluation of the stabilizing measures, and dam service reliability and evaluation of danger control and reinforcement. This study recommends that in future, an intensive research should be focused on six directions： a joint use of various danger-removal and control measures, combination of deterministic and nondeterministic methods for evaluation of seepage control performance, the mechanism of crack suppression and bearing capacity enhancement, changes in the energy of a gravity dam system caused by stability strengthening, analysis of gravity dam service reliability, and comprehensive contribution by danger-removal and reinforcement, so as to develop and perfect a system of major engineering measures for gravity dams and evaluation of their performance.
作者
苏怀智
李金友
SU Huaizhi;LI Jinyou(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098;National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098)
出处
《水力发电学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期12-25,共14页
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(51579083
51479054)
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0401601)
关键词
重力坝
补强修复
除险加固
工程措施
效能评估
gravity dam
reinforcing repair
risk-reducing reinforcement
engineering measures
performance evaluation
