摘要
目的运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术对比分析2010和2014年河北省城乡不同组别幼儿之间体质达标率及肥胖率的差异,为提高幼儿体质提供参考。方法选用2010和2014年河北省3~6岁幼儿的国民体质监测数据,将幼儿分为城镇、乡村2组,再按性别分为4类样本进行体质监测。结果 2014年城镇(25.27±4.43)与乡村(24.89±4.49)幼儿体质均分差异有统计学意义(t=3.156,P<0.05);2014年幼儿身高、双脚连续跳、10 m折返跑、立定跳远的得分均高于2010年,其他3项得分均低于2010年,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为15.200,8.675,8.671,P值均<0.05);2014年(94.6%)幼儿体质达标率比2010年(88.5%)增长了6.1百分点,与2010年幼儿的体质评级构成差异有统计学意义(χ~2=140.7,P<0.01);2014年与2010年的乡村幼儿、城镇幼儿、男性幼儿、女性幼儿体质评级情况差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);2014年(4.7%)比2010年(6.2%)的幼儿肥胖率降低了1.5百分点,其中乡村幼儿和男性幼儿肥胖率下降差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论 2014年河北省幼儿体质明显提高,但各地市达标率提高的幅度不同,经济状况在一定程度上影响幼儿体质;幼儿下肢素质变化趋势良好,上肢力量、柔韧和平衡能力需引起重视并加强锻炼;幼儿肥胖率明显下降。
Objective To compare the differences of physical fitness rate and obesity rate between urban and rural children and different sexes in 2010 and 2014 by using the technology of GIS,and to explore the methods to improve the physical constitution of children. Methods Based on the national physical health monitoring data of young children aged 3-6 in Hebei Province in 2010 and 2014,the children were divided into two groups： urban children and rural children. They were further divided into four sample groups according to sex. Results In 2014,the average body weight of urban（ 25.27±4.43） and rural（ 24.89±4.49） children were significantly different（ t = 3.156,P〈0.05）. Young children’s scores of height,feet jump,a reverse layup 10 meters,standing long jump in 2014 were higher than those in 2010,the differences were of statistical significance,the other three scores were lower than those in2010,with significant difference（ t = 15.200,8.675,8.671,P〈0.05）. The rate of infants’ reaching up the standard in 2014（ 94.6%） was higher than that of 2010（ 88.5%）,with a growth of 6. 1 percentage. Compared with the physique rating in 2010,the differences were of statistical significance（ χ^2= 140.7,P〈 0.01）; There was a significant difference between rural children,urban children,male infants,and female infants in 2010 and 2014,respectively（ P〈0.01）. The rate of childhood obesity in 2014（ 4.7%） was lower than that of 2010（ 6.2%）,which decreased by 1.5 percentage. There was a significant difference in obesity rate among rural and male infants（ P〈0.01）. Conclusion In 2014,children’s physical fitness in Hebei Province was significantly improved,but the rate of increase differed in different cities. Economic conditions to a certain extent affected the physical fitness of children. The physique of infants’ lower limbs showed an upward tendency. And their force of upper limbs,flexibility and the ability of balance of body needed to be paid more attention and improved. The obesity rate among infants shows an obvious decreasing trend.
作者
杨光
杨雯茜
孟兵林
王海涛
YANG Guang;YANG Wenqian;MENG Binglin;WANG Haitao(Institute of Physical Culture, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang ,050024, Chin)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第4期577-581,共5页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
河北省体育教育训练学重点学科资助
河北省教育厅重点基金项目(ZD20131100)
关键词
地理信息系统
体质
生长和发育
儿童
Geographic information systems
Body constitution
Growth and development
Child
