摘要
文章主要回答了社会资本能否降低劳动力工资扭曲的问题。根据CFPS2010数据,采用随机前沿分析方法(SFA)测度出微观层面的劳动力工资扭曲程度,扭曲均值约为33.2%-45.7%。实证研究发现,社会资本能够显著降低工资扭曲,平均而言,社会资本每扩大1%,工资扭曲程度降低3.42%;社会资本降低工资扭曲的影响作用对工资扭曲程度较低的劳动者更大,一定程度上将扩大不同群体的工资扭曲差距。伴随着市场化程度的加深,社会资本修正工资扭曲的作用不断被削弱。文章基于中介效应模型的传导机制分析显示,社会资本通过部门进入效应、晋升效应和信息效应对工资扭曲产生影响。文章研究对深入认识中国劳动力市场的收入分配具有重要意义。
In the past forty years,China has made great achievements in economic construction,and also faces many difficulties and challenges. In the critical period of changing the development way,China should not only pay attention to the promotion of labor productivity,but also take into account the synchronization of labor compensation and productivity. From the perspective of social capital as informal institution,we use CFPS2010 data to objectively assess the gap between wages and labor productivity in China,and examine the impact of social capital on the gap and the conduction mechanism. With the help of stochastic frontier analysis,we calculate the gap between wages and labor productivity in Chinese labor market,and the mean gap is about 33.2%~45.7%. On this basis,the empirical study shows that,social capital can narrow the gap between wages and labor productivity remarkably. On average,if social capital expands by 1%,then the gap will narrow by 3.42%. These labor forces can benefit more from social capital whose wages are closer to their productivity. It means that social capital widens the disparity between different labor groups in a way. To overcome the endogenous problem,we construct two instrumental variables of social capital：the average cash gift at community level,and the importance of foreign dialects for labors. We also design a placebo test. It has been verified that social capital itself,rather than the other characteristics of the labor forces associated with their social capital,has affected the gap between wages and labor productivity. A series of robustness tests support above conclusions. Furthermore,the analysis of mediating effect model shows the reasons why social capital can narrow the gap between wages and labor productivity as follows：firstly,the labor forces who have more social capital can join the formal sectors more easily,in which the wages are closer to labor productivity;secondly,the labor forces who have more social capital can get more trust,resources and promotion opportunities;thirdly,social capital helps to reduce information asymmetry and improve the degree of matching between labor forces and jobs by sending messages. It is worth noting that,if more and more persons use social capital within a region,then social capital effect for individual labor will be weaken. As an informal resource allocation method,social capital gives a preferential treatment for a part of labor forces. With the advancement of marketization,the role of social capital has been continuously weakened. Therefore,market-oriented allocation and regular society are the ultimate choices for the reform. In the new era,China should perfect the system and mechanism of distributing according to factors,pay efforts to reduce the gap between wages and labor productivity,actively create a market environment with free flow of labor,flexible price response and fair and orderly competition,and promote the income distribution more reasonable and orderly.
作者
蒲艳萍
顾冉
成肖
Pu Yanping;Gu Ran;Cheng Xiao(School of Public Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;Research Center of Public Economics and Public Policy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期121-139,共19页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"多态叠加下的中国劳动力市场新表现与新挑战研究"(15AZD022)
关键词
工资扭曲
社会资本
收入分配
wage distortion
social capital
income distribution
