摘要
[目的]通过分析不同林层林木之间的竞争情况,以期揭示林木间相互竞争的类型、林木受到的竞争压力与林木垂直分布之间的关系,为森林资源的保护与利用提供科学依据。[方法]在福建万木林自然保护区内设5块典型中亚热带天然阔叶林样地,采用Hegyi的竞争指数,按分层和不分层两种情形研究林木间的竞争强度。[结果]在1—5号样地,当取样半径超过4 m后,林木间的竞争强度随取样半径的增大而减小的趋势变缓,4 m是分析林木竞争的适宜半径;以4 m为半径分析林木间的竞争,发现有一半以上的组成树种只发生种间竞争,剩余同时发生种间和种内竞争的树种,其竞争木构成中数量占优势的普遍是与其相异的树种,且种间竞争强度普遍强于种内竞争;各样地的乔木层都可以划分出由高到低的3个林层,在平均水平,越高层的林木距离竞争木越远、在竞争木的组成中较矮小的第3林层林木数量也越多;越高层的林木,平均每株对象木与其全部竞争木之间的竞争压力越小。[结论]在调查的典型群落中,普遍发生的是种间竞争,而林木受到的竞争压力及其竞争木的组成都与它们的垂直分布关系密切,在森林资源保护和经营中应对垂直分布予以更多的关注;乔木层中的优势树种未发生激烈种间或种内竞争;可以发生激烈种间竞争的乔木树种有米槠、庆元冬青、少叶黄杞和杜英,不存在特定的竞争木与它们竞争,它们与竞争木相近、主要分布在第2或第3林层;种内竞争过于激烈的有山杜英、华杜英、山黄皮、野含笑和羊舌树,也主要分布在第2或第3林层。
[ Objective ] The object of this study is to determine which competition type, intraspecific or interspecific competition, was popular in typical natural mid-subtropical broad-leaved forest, and to determine how the vertical distribution of trees affect the competition, thereby to provide data for the protection and utilization of forest resources. [ Method ] Five typical natural forest sample plots were investigated in Wanmulin Nature Reserve, Fujian Province. Hegyi＇ s competition index was used to investigate two scenarios, without or with arbor-layer stratification. [Result] The results showed that the competition intensity decreased largely with the increasing of sampling radius until the radius was more than 4 in so that 4 m is a suitable radius for analyzing competition among trees in the five communities. There were more than half of the species only occurred interspecific competition within a radius of 4 m in each plots. Interspecific competition intensity was generally stronger than intraspecific competition intensity for those tree species that were rebelling against both same species and different species, and more different species than same species in their competitors. The arbor layer could be divided into three layers of the five plots. On average, the higher the tree was, the farther the distance was from its competitors, there were more trees belonged to the third arbor layer among the competitors, and the competition pressure was lower for individual object tree with all of its competitors. [ Conclusion ] Interspecific competition is popular in the five communities; both the competition pressure and the composition of competitors are closely related to vertical distribution of trees. More attention should be paid to the vertical distribution in the conservation and management of forest resources. There are none intensive interspecific or intraspecific competition occurred in dominant species of the five communities. There are four species, Castanopsis carlesii, llex qingyuanensis, Engelhardtia fenzlii, and Elaeocarpus decipiens, could occur intensive interspecific competition, but not specialized competitor was found and the four species mainly distribute in the second or third arbor layer together with their competitors. There are five species mainly distributing in the second or third arbor layer, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Elaeocarpus chinensis, Randia cochinchinensis, Michelia skinneriana, and Symplocos glauc, could occur over-intraspecific-competition. Keywords： mid-subtropical ; natural broad-leaved forest ; arbor-layer stratification ; intraspecific competition ; inter- specific competition
作者
马志波
黄清麟
庄崇洋
郑群瑞
王宏
MA Zhi-bo1 ,HUANG Qing-lin1 ,ZHUANG Chong-yang1 ,ZHENG Qun-rui2, WANG Hong1(1. Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing and Information Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China; 2. Wanmulin Nature Reserve, Jian＇ou 353100, Fujian, China)
出处
《林业科学研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期1-10,共10页
Forest Research
基金
国家自然基金项目“中亚热带天然阔叶林林层特征研究”(31370633)
关键词
中亚热带
天然阔叶林
林层划分
种内竞争
种间竞争
mid-subtropical
natural broad-leaved forest
arbor-layer stratification
intraspecific competition
interspecific competition
