摘要
坚持＂法不溯及既往＂,是现代法治的一项基本原则。但是针对非法源地位的裁量基准而言,因其变更而产生的溯及力适用问题,理论上存在＂容许说＂与＂阻却说＂两种不同的观点。前者认为裁量基准并非法律规范,并不具有直接法律效力,无所谓变更溯及问题;后者则认为考量因裁量基准变更而产生的信赖保护问题,应当承认对其变更溯及适用的禁止。较于前者而言,后者更加符合法治精神,有利于限制公权力、保障公民权利。然而,由于裁量基准作为行政机关行使裁量权的一种方式,虽然应该承认其信赖基础地位,但也应当看到这种基础比较薄弱,信赖保护原则适用的条件应当更为严苛。面对裁量基准变更的选择适用,一方面应该区分不同类别或不同功能的裁量基准,选择不同的适用模式与适用规则,另一方面都应该同步考量个案正义,并满足正当程序与比例原则的要求。
Insisting on ＂the law cannot be retroactive＂is a basic principle of modern rule of law. But when the discretionary benchmark changed,as a kind of non-legal origin administrative rule,there are two different opinions in allowing and forbidding for it＇s appliance. The former deems the discretionary benchmark has no retroactivity because it is not the legal rule and cannot produce legal validity. However,the latter considers that the discretionary benchmark also makes reliance protection so we should forbid it＇s retroactive application. Obviously the forbidding viewer meets the spirit of rule of law in that it is more favorable to limit the public power and safeguard people＇s right. Although admitting the discretionary benchmark＇s status of trusted basis,as a kind of exercising the discretionary power way,we also should see the trusted basis is gossamer and the condition of applying is strict. thus,when discretionary benchmark changes,we should choose different application ways and rules for different species or functions. In the meantime,when choosing every rule we should consider the case justice and satisfy the requirement of due process and principle of proportionality.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期142-152,共11页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
关键词
裁量基准
溯及既往
信赖保护
法律适用
Discretionary Benchmark
Retroactive
Reliance Protection
Legal Application
