摘要
集雨-壤中防渗技术是在起垄覆膜垄沟覆草技术的基础上提出的一项新技术.为了探讨集雨-壤中防渗技术在陕北黄土丘陵区山地果园的应用效果,在米脂县党塔苹果科技示范基地山地红富士苹果园布设对照(CK)、黄绵土夯实防渗(L_1)、红黏土防渗(R_1)、红黏土夯实防渗(R_2)4种处理,测定了不同防渗层类型的土壤容重、稳渗率以及不同处理的土壤水分、果实品质、产量和水分利用率.结果表明:红黏土夯实防渗层防渗效果最好,其土壤容重(1.61g·cm^(-3))最高,持水量最低,稳定入渗率(0.02 mm·min^(-1))最小,采用Kostiakov经验公式方程能很好地模拟不同防渗处理水分入渗特征.在整个苹果生长季节,不同防渗处理均能提高集雨沟下0~60 cm土层的土壤含水量,其中,R_2的含水量始终最高,在旱季可以达到苹果树生长发育适宜的含水量标准;壤中防渗处理60 cm土层以下20~30 cm范围内存在一个明显的"低湿层",但低湿层至200 cm土层的土壤含水量变化趋势较为稳定,较CK略有增加;集雨-壤中防渗处理能够提高果实产量和水分利用率、改善品质.其中,R_2处理的产量比CK提高了19.2%,优果率提高了26.5%,水分利用效率提高了24.5%.建议陕北黄土丘陵区山地苹果生产中大力推广集雨-壤中防渗技术.
Rainwater harvesting and soil anti-seepage technology is a new technology based on the ridge film mulching and furrow rainwater harvesting. To explore the application effects of rainwater harvesting and soil anti-seepage technology,four different treatments including control(CK）,loessal soil with compacted anti-seepage treatment(L1）,red clay with anti-seepage treatment(R1）,and red clay with compacted anti-seepage treatment(R2） were set up in a ＂Fuji＂hillside orchard in Mizhi Demonstration Station of northern Shaanxi Province. Soil bulk density,stable infiltration rate,soil water content,fruit quality and yield,and water use efficiency were measured.Results showed that R2 had the best anti-seepage efficiency with the highest bulk density(1. 61 g·cm^（-3））,the minimum water holding capacity,and the least stable infiltration rate(0. 02 mm·min^（-1））. The empirical formula of Kostiakov equation was suitable for describing water infiltration characteristics. Throughout the growing season,soil moisture for 0-60 cm soil depth in the rainwater harvesting ditch could be improved by the different anti-seepage treatments. R2 had the highest soil water content all the time and could satisfy the suitable water content standard for growth and development of apple trees in the dry season. Under the anti-seepage treatment,there was an＂low humid layer＂with 20-30 cm of soil layer under 60 cm soil depth,but the variation tendency of soil water content from ＂low humid layer＂to 200 cm soil layer was stable and slightly higher than that in CK. Rainwater harvesting and soil anti-seepage treatments could increase fruit yield and water use efficiency,and improve the quality of fruit. Compared with that in CK,the fruit yield,the rate of good fruit,and water use efficiency of R2 treatment increased by 19. 2%,26. 5%,and24.5%,respectively. Therefore,rainwater harvesting and soil anti-seepage technology was recommended as the effective agricultural measurement in the apple production in loess hilly areas of northern Shaanxi Province.
作者
金波
王延平
穆艳
李生光
JIN Bo1, WANG Yan-ping1. , MU Yan, LI Sheng-guang3(1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 2College of Forestry, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 3Fruit Production Office of Mizhi County, Mizhi 718100, Shaanxi , China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期1559-1568,共10页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571218
41401613)
陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2014KTCL02-06)资助~~
关键词
山地果园
黄绵土
集雨壤中防渗
经验公式
hilly apple orchard
loessial soil
rainwater harvesting-soil anti-seepage
empiricalequation.
