摘要
本试验以夏玉米常规品种郑单958(ZD958)和耐密品种登海618(DH618)为试材,采用单株盆栽种植方式,设置种植密度为90 000株/hm^2,研究施氮量和种植密度对高产夏玉米氮素利用效率和光合作用的影响。结果表明,施氮显著增加玉米干物质积累量与氮素积累,提高氮素利用效率,且叶片净光合速率显著升高,两品种表现一致。对比不同品种,施氮条件下DH618氮肥利用效率和叶片气体交换参数改善幅度显著,最终表现在干物质积累量与产量增加上显著高于ZD958。可知,合理施用氮素可以显著改善光合特性和干物质与氮素积累的协调性,最终提高产量。在密植条件下,DH618对氮肥的施用与否反应更加敏感,在生产实践上,追求玉米高产在提高种植密度的同时不能忽视氮肥的作用,两者合理结合才能有效提高产量。
The pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of nitrogen application amount and planting density on photosynthesis and nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize cultivars DH618 and ZD958. The results indicated that dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation were significantly increased,the net photosynthetic rate（Pn） was increased remarkably,and the nitrogen utilization efficiency was improved by increasing N fertilization. The two varieties showed consistent performance in the above characteristics. Between different cultivars,the nitrogen utilization efficiency and the net photosynthetic rate of DH618 were significantly higher than those of ZD958,and finally led to the increase of dry matter accumulation and yield. Consequently,rational application of nitrogen could significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics and the coordination between dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,and eventually increase the yield. DH618 was more sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer depletion under high planting density. In practice,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer should not be ignored in high yield production under close planting in maize. Only combining the two factors above reasonably,the yield could be improved effectively.
作者
冯波
刘开昌
Feng Bo;Liu Kaichang(Crop Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
2018年第5期76-80,86,共6页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130)
山东省重点研发计划项目(2017GNC11106)
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B04)
国家科技支撑重大专项"粮食丰产科技工程"(2013BAD07B06)
关键词
氮肥
密植
夏玉米
氮效率
光合特性
Nitrogen fertilizer
Close planting
Nirogen efficiency
Photosynthetic characteristics
