摘要
目的通过分析狂犬病暴露者流行病学特点与疫苗接种依从性现状,为狂犬病防控提供依据。方法选择2014-2016年某院犬伤门诊收治的1 935例狂犬病暴露者登记资料,分析其一般情况、暴露分级、伤口处理、疫苗接种依从性、接种副反应发生等情况。结果 2014-2016年某院共收治1 935例狂犬病暴露者,年均暴露率672.96/10万;男性多于女性;职业农民居多,占48.48%;15~44岁和45~65岁组暴露最多,分别占33.64%和25.06%;致伤动物家犬占76.28%,猫占13.54%;伤口分级以Ⅲ级暴露为主,占83.20%;伤后24 h就诊并规范处理伤口占82.38%,不规范处理伤口占17.62%;Ⅲ级暴露者注射狂犬免疫球蛋白率低,占11.36%。有132例暴露者未全程接种疫苗,疫苗接种依从性为93.18%,Ⅲ级暴露者接种依从性高于Ⅱ级暴露者;学生(7~14岁)接种依从性最高,文员类从业者(15~44岁)接种依从性最差。结论加强犬只管理,提高狂犬病防控知识普及率,增加和提高医保报销范围和比例等在农村地区防控狂犬病有实际意义。
Objective To provide a basis for the prevention and control of rabies by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and vaccination compliance of rabies-exposed patients. Methods Registration information of 1 935 patients in the outpatient department of rabies in our hospital between 2014 and 2016 were collected. Patients＇ general data,classification of exposure,wound treatment,vaccination compliance and side reactions were analyzed. Results From 2014 to 2016,a total of 1 935 rabies-exposed patients were treated in our hospital,with an annual exposure rate of 672. 96/100 000. Among the rabies-exposed patients,males were more than females; professional farmers were dominant,accounting for 48. 48%; the number of patients who exposed to rabies with an age of 15 ～ 44 and 45 ～ 65 was the most,accounting for 33. 64% and 25. 06% respectively. Among the animals causing injuries,dogs accounted for 76. 28% and cats for 13. 54%. Among the wounds,class Ⅲ exposure was dominant,accounting for 83. 20%. Within 24 hours after injuries,patients receiving treatment and standardized wound care accounted for 82. 38%,and non-standardized wound care for 17. 62%. The rate of immunoglobulin in class Ⅲ rabies-exposed patients injected with rabies vaccine,accounting for 11. 36%. A total of 132 patients did not received vaccination during the whole course,with vaccination compliance of 93. 18%. The vaccination compliance of class Ⅲ patients who exposedto rabies was higher than that of class Ⅱ. The vaccination compliance was the highest in students(7 ～ 14 years old）,and the lowest in clerks(15 ～ 44 years old）. Conclusion Strengthening the management of dogs,increasing the penetration of the knowledge of rabies prevention and control,extending the coverage and improvingthe proportion of medical insurance reimbursement are of practical significance in the prevention and control of rabies in rural areas.
作者
黄伟彬
王萍
李志坚
王大虎
HUANG Weibin;WANG Ping;LI Zhijian;WANG Dahu(Central Health Hospital in Aotou Town, Conghua District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510900, China)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2018年第6期595-597,共3页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
广州市医药卫生一般引导项目(20171A011275)
关键词
暴露人群
流行特点
狂犬病疫苗
依从性
Exposers
Epidemiological characteristics
Rabies vaccine
Compliance
