摘要
[目的]调查某船舶制造厂工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况,探讨可能的危险因素。[方法]采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经修订的肌肉骨骼损伤情况调查问卷,对我国某船舶制造厂工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患与工效学负荷以及心理社会因素开展调查。采用卡方检验以及logistic回归分析导致WMSDs发生的危险因素。[结果]共发放问卷830份,收回有效问卷809份(有效率97.5%)。工人各部位WMSDs年发生率为12.2%~39.4%,发生率排在前四位的部位依次是下背部(39.4%)、颈部(31.3%)、手腕部(26.8%)和肩部(26.3%)。下背部、颈部、手腕部、膝部和踝/足部WMSDs的发生率在不同工种之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:弯腰同时转身是导致下背部和肩部(OR=1.53,1.68)、手腕部长时间弯曲是导致手腕部(OR=1.62)WMSDs的危险因素;身高是导致下背部(OR=1.03)WMSDs的危险因素;经常加班是导致下背部和手腕部(OR=1.62,1.55)WMSDs的危险因素;主观工作姿势舒适是下背部、颈部、手腕部和肩部(OR=0.68,0.52,0.62,0.54)的保护因素;自主控制工作进度是手腕部(OR=0.67)WMSDs的保护因素;工作节奏快是导致颈部、手腕部和肩部(OR=1.60,1.66,1.60)WMSDs的危险因素;上司关心下属是颈部和肩部(OR=0.67,0.69)WMSDs的保护因素。[结论]造船业工人WMSDs的发生率较高,亟须根据WMSDs的职业、个体、心理社会因素制定相关措施,以降低此类疾患对工人健康的不良影响。
[Objective] To investigate the incidence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） among workers in a shipyard.[Methods] A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using a revised musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire to investigate the incidence,ergonomic load,and psychosocial factors of musculoskeletal disorders in the past year among workers in a shipyard in China.Chi-square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs.[Results] A total of 830 questionnaires were distributed,and 809 valid questionnaires were returned with a valid response rate of 97.5%.The incidence rates of WMSDs in different body parts were 12.2%-39.4%.The top four WMSDs incidence rates by body parts were low back（39.4%）,neck（31.3%）,wrist（26.8%）,and shoulder（26.3%）.The incidence rates of WMSDs in low back,neck,wrist,knee,and ankle/foot were different among different types of work（P〈 0.05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that stooping and turning round simultaneously was a risk factor for WMSDs in low back and shoulder（OR=1.53,1.68）;wrist bent for a long time was a risk factor for WMSDs in wrist（OR=1.62）;height was a risk factor for WMSDs in low back（OR=1.03）;working overtime frequently was a risk factor for WMSDs in low back and wrist（OR=1.62,1.55）;subjective comfortable working posture was a protective factor for WMSDs in low back,neck,wrist,and shoulder（OR=0.68,0.52,0.62,0.54）;controlling work progress independently was a protective factor for WMSDs in wrist（OR=0.67）;fast work pace was a risk factor for WMSDs in neck,wrist,and shoulder（OR=1.60,1.66,1.60）;concerns from supervisors was a protective factor for WMSDs in neck and shoulder（OR=0.67,0.69）.[Conclusion] The incidence rate of WMSDs in shipbuilding industry is at a high level.Therefore,it is urgent to formulate relevant policies and measures considering occupational,individual,and psychosocial factors of WMSDs to reduce the adverse health effects.
作者
贾宁
陈西峰
郑成彬
曲颖
张雪艳
王忠旭
JIA Ning;CHEN Xi-feng;ZHENG Cheng-bin;QU Ying;ZHANG Xue-yan;WANG Zhong-xu(Department of Occupational Protection and Ergonomics, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;Safety and Environment Control Department, Dalian COSCO Shipyard Group Co., Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning 116113, China;Institution of Occupational Health Supervision, Dalian Administration Bureau of Safety Working, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China)
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期377-383,共7页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
"十二五"科技支撑项目(编号:2014BAI12B03)
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81172643)
中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(编号:131031109000150003)
关键词
造船业
肌肉骨骼疾患
工作相关疾病
职业因素
心理社会因素
个体因素
shipbuilding industry
musculoskeletal disorders
work-related disease
occupational factor
psychosocial factor
individual factor
