摘要
20世纪初民族观念传入中国以来,到20年代,逐渐生发出一套关于中国民族形成,尤其是"汉族"形成的历史叙述和理论话语,其中包括民族在一定文化基础上形成,民族的"蜕化"观,以及"天然力"造成民族等观念。在这一背景下,20年代末斯大林关于民族定义和民族形成的理论传入中国后,产生了巨大的冲击和影响,其中民族形成、发展与社会发展阶段相适应的观点,为不少的中国知识分子所接受;但另一方面,他们也必须根据各自的需要将其与对中国历史的解说相结合。马克思主义指导下形成的中国民族问题理论,更是由于斯大林在共产国际中的崇高地位而深受其影响。但中国马克思主义者对民族形成问题的探索并未受到禁锢,而是在斯大林理论基础上,结合中国革命的实际,在不同的历史条件下,对中国民族形成问题做出了不同的解释。到20世纪40年代,在中国民族史的叙述中,无论是翦伯赞等人的氏族-种族-民族三段论,还是范文澜等发展出来的秦汉中央集权国家下的民族论,都累积了相当的理论与知识基础。
From the early 20 th century when national idea was introduced into China to the 1920 s,a set of historical narrations and theoretical discourses about the formation of the Chinese nation,especially about the formation of Han nationality gradually came into being,including the formation of a nation on the basis of a certain culture,the concept of degeneration of a nation,and the creation of a nation by natural force. Under this background,in the late 1920 s,after Stalin＇s theory about the definition and formation of nation was introduced into China,it exerted a huge impact and influence in China,and especially,his idea that the formation and development of nation are in adaptation to social development stages was accepted by many Chinese intellectuals,who at the same time,must combine Stalin＇s theory with Chinese history according to their different needs. The theory of Chinese ethnic problems was established under the guidance of Marxism and was deeply influenced by Stalin for his lofty status in the Communist International. Nevertheless,Chinese Marxists were never constrained in their exploration into the formation of nation; instead,they made different interpretations of the issue based on both Stalin＇s theory and the actual situation of the Chinese revolution in different historical periods. In the 1940 s,they established basic theories and accumulated knowledge in the narration of the Chinese national history,including Jian Bozan＇s clan-race-nation theory and Fan Wenlan＇s ethnic theory under the centralized state of the Qin and Han dynasties.
作者
贾益
JIA Yi(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100081)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期31-44,共14页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
