摘要
《明实录》是明朝历代官修的编年体史书,篇幅巨大,其中包含天象记录达6000余条,是二十四史以外中国古代天象记录的最大来源,其中包括日月食336条、月行星掩犯2622条、流陨2248条.明后期除日月食和彗星记录外,其他类型天象记录大幅减少.天象记录的密度,正德以前平均每年38条,嘉靖以后则只有每年7条.由可以回算验证的月行星掩犯记录得到错误率4.1%,属历代最佳.错误主要是资料编纂整理过程和书籍传抄过程造成的.月亮记录显示,凌晨的观测,通常记前一日日期;掩犯恒星记录显示,官内星名与传统略有差异.若干例证说明,原始记录采用日序式纪日.只是在编纂史书时,才改用干支纪日.
The Ming Shilu, an official chronicle history book of the Ming Dynasty, contains vast number of pages, including more than six thousand astronomical records. Except for astronomical treatises of official histories, the Ming Shilu is the largest source of astronomical records in ancient China, including 336 records of solar and lunar eclipses, 2622 records of the Moon and planets occulting or approaching stars, and 2248 records of meteors and aerolites. Except for the records of eclipses and comets, other types of astronomical records decreased significantly during the late Ming Dynasty. The density of these records reached 38 accounts per year before the reign of Zhengde, while it is only 7 accounts per year after the reign of Jiajing. The error rate of the lunar or planetary approaches/occultations, 4.1%, which can be examined with modern astronomical computation, is the best among past dynasties. The errors should be mainly caused by process of data compilation and book copying. The positional records of the Moon show that the records observed in the early morning were usually recorded the day before. The records of lunar or planetary approaches/occultations of stars show that the names of the stars in constellation are slightly different from traditional names. A few examples show that the original records used dates of days. Only when the history books were compiled did the historiographers use the heavenly stems and earthly branches to record days.
作者
刘次沅
马莉萍
LIU Ci-yuan;MA Li-ping(National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi＇an 710600)
出处
《天文学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期71-83,共13页
Acta Astronomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(11473030)资助
关键词
天文学史和哲学
明实录
天象记录
方法
统计学
history and philosophy of astronomy
Ming Shilu
astronomical records
methods
statistical
