摘要
有效评估生物多样性状态、变化是实现其保护的基础,而迄今仍缺乏一个被广泛接受的生物多样性评估方法。该文综述了国内外生物多样性的测度及评估方法,以及各方法在应用中存在的局限性。源于基础生态学研究的生物多样性评估方法主要集中在物种、群落水平上,并以α、β、γ等多样性指数进行测度,强调的是物种丰富度及多样性指数的计算等。当面向保护和管理需求时,一些基于单一研究目标如栖息地导向、GAP分析、热点地区划分、代理指标等评估方法得到应用,同时通过遥感、模型模拟等技术手段加以开展。这类评估强调的是生物多样性的一个侧面,难以全面反映生物多样性状态、变化、威胁及其政策决策系统的响应等综合因素的影响。目前,基于DSPIR概念框架的综合评估方法在国际上得到广泛应用,而在中国正面临评价指标构建及其赋权的复杂性等困难,因此亟需一套适合国情的综合评估方法体系,同时对国外一些适用的快速评估方法应予以借鉴。
Effective evaluating state,changes,etc. of biodiversity is the foundation of implementing biodiversity conservation. But so far,a widely accepted framework and method for biodiversity assessment still lacks. A review about method of estimating or assessing biodiversity at home and abroad is developed in this paper,and limitations of each method in practical application are evaluated. Biodiversity assessments based on the classic ecology research are focused on the scales or level of species and community,and the measuring index includes α,β and γdiversity index,which emphasizes the species richness and calculation of diversity index. When facing the demand of protection and management biodiversity,some of assessment methods which are basis of a single study goal such as habitat oriented,analysis of GAP,division of hot spots,proxy indicator,and so on,are applied. Meanwhile,technical means such as remote sensing,model simulation,etc. are employed. Such assessment methods emphasize a profile of biodiversity,which is difficult to synthetically reflect the state,change,threats,impact,and the response of the policy decision system of biodiversity. At present,a comprehensive assessment method based on DSPIR index framework has been widely used in the world. However,the evaluators are facing difficulties about how to build a set of suitable index system and weight in China. Therefore,it is in urgent need of a set of comprehensive evaluation method suited to national situation of China. At the same time,some rapid assessment methods on biodiversity applied by other countries should be referenced for China.
作者
栗忠飞
高吉喜
LI Zhongfei;GAO Jixi(College of Ecology and Soil ＆ Water Conservation, Southwest Forest University, Kunming Yunnan Province650224, China;Nanfing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanfing Jiangsu Province210042, China)
出处
《中国发展》
2018年第2期1-13,共13页
China Development
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC01B00)
国家自然科学基金项目(31360122)
关键词
生物多样性
评估方法
综合评估
biodiversity
assessment method
comprehensive assessment
