摘要
为提高振动式水稻精密播种装置的播种性能,分别对其定量供种机构和振动匀种机构的工作机理进行了分析与试验研究。利用离散元软件EDEM模拟了定量供种机构在有无振动作用下的供种过程。通过对比分析可知种箱振动板周期性的小幅振动可缓解种子的漏斗流动,促进扩散流动,同时使排种轮充填区的种子分布状态更加"蓬松",提高了供种频率,实现了稳定定量供种。通过模拟试验探究振动匀种机构不同种槽板对种子的流速和装置播种性能的影响,优选出V-90°、V-105°、V-120°和U1型4组种槽板,为装置优化试验提供了参考,减少了后续试验次数。分别进行常规稻供种和杂交稻低播量供种试验,得到了种箱振动板振动使排种轮供种频率提高3.64%和5.52%,验证了定量供种机构仿真研究结果具有较高的准确性。进行不同种槽板、播量和气压全因素播种性能试验,得到播种效果最佳的种槽板为V-120°种槽板,在40 g/盘杂交稻低播量播种时使用0.26 MPa气压播种,合格指数为93.91%,空穴指数为0.94%;80 g/盘常规稻播种时使用0.28 MPa气压播种,合格指数为96.10%,空穴指数为0,满足杂交稻和常规稻种子育秧播种的技术要求。
In order to improve the sowing performance of vibrating small-amount rice sowing device, theoretical analysis and experimental research on the mechanism of the quantitative-seeds feeding mechanism and the vibration uniform-seeds mechanism were carried out respectively. Discrete elemental software EDEM was used to simulate the feeding process of quantitative-seeds feeding mechanism with or without vibration. Through the comparative analysis of the simulation process of the quantitative-seeds feeding mechanism, the periodic small amplitude vibrations of seed box vibrating plate could alleviate the rice seeds funnel flow and promote the diffusion flow, meanwhile made the distribution state of the seeds in the seed roller fluffier. The simulation results of the quantitative-seeds feeding test showed that the vibrating effect of the seed box vibrating plate could increase the seed frequency, and realize the quantitative and stable seeds feeding performance. The simulation experiment of seeding performance of nine kinds of grooved plates was carried out to study the effect of different kinds of grooved plates on the seeds flow velocity and sowing effect. The simulation results of sowing performance experiment showed that with the increase of the grooved plate＇ s angle, the flow velocity of seeds on the grooved plate was gradually decreased and tended to be stable. The V-90°, V- 105°, V- 120° and Ul-shaped grooved plates were optimized to provide reference for the vibration uniform-seeds mechanism optimization test, and reduced the number of subsequent tests. Through the sowing performance tests, it was obtained that the best sowing performance was using the V - 120° grooved, and the qualified index was 93.91% while hole index was 0.94% when sowing hybrid rice with 0. 26 MPa air pressure. The qualified index was 96.10% and the hole index was 0 when sowing conventional rice with 0. 28 MPa. The research provided a research basis for the research and development of rice precision sowing device.
作者
鹿芳媛
马旭
齐龙
邢绪坡
李宏伟
郭林杰
LU Fangyuan;MA Xu;QI Long;XING Xupo;LI Hongwei;GUO Linjie(College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期119-128,214,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700802)
国家自然科学基金项目(51675188)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-01-43)
关键词
水稻
精密播种
种槽板
离散元法
rice
precision sowing
seeds grooved plate
discrete element method
