摘要
钨(W)具有高熔点(3410℃)、高密度(19.35 g/cm^3)、高硬度、高弹性模量、高热导率以及低膨胀系数、低蒸气压等优异的性能,在国防军工、航空航天和核工业等领域中有着重要的作用。但同时,W及其合金的缺点,如低温脆性(韧脆转变温度通常在400℃以上)、室温抗拉强度低,再结晶脆性、高热负荷开裂及辐照脆化等问题,又严重影响了其加工及服役性能。针对上述问题,国内外开展了碳化物/氧化物弥散强化的钨合金研究,通过纳米级碳化物/氧化物弥散强化及微结构优化,提高了W的力学性能及其它服役性能。本文主要从核聚变第一壁用碳化物、氧化物弥散强化钨基材料的设计、制备、组织与性能调控及服役性能评价等方面进行综述,并介绍了作者研发团队的最新进展,展望了未来发展趋势及待解决的问题。
Tungsten（W） plays an important role in the defense industry, aerospace and nuclear industry due to its excellent properties such as high melting point（3410 ℃）, high density（19.35 g/cm3）,high hardness, high elastic modulus, high thermal conductivity, low expansion coefficient and low vapor pressure. However, its disadvantages, such as low temperature brittleness（ductile brittle transition temperature usually above 400 ℃）, low tensile strength, recrystallization embrittlement, high thermal load induced cracking and irradiation embrittlement, affected seriously its processing and servicing performance. Focusing on these problems, carbides/oxide dispersion strengthened W alloys were studied widely. The mechanical properties and other service properties of W were significantly improved by nano scale carbide/oxide dispersion strengthening and microstructure optimization. This article mainly reviews carbide and oxide dispersion strengthening design and the corresponding W-based materials preparation, microstructure and properties of regulation and service performance evaluation, introduces the latest progress of the research and development of the authors＇ team, and looks forward to the future development trend and the problems to be solved.
作者
张涛
严玮
谢卓明
苗澍
杨俊峰
王先平
方前锋
刘长松
ZHANG Tao;YAN Wei;XIE Zhuoming;MIAO Shu;YANG Junfeng;WANG Xianping;FANG Qianfeng;LIU Changsong(Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;Experiment Center of Anhui San Lian University, Hefei 230031, China)
出处
《金属学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期831-843,共13页
Acta Metallurgica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目No.2017YFA0402800
国家磁约束核聚变专项项目No.2015GB112000
国家自然科学基金项目Nos.11735015
11575241和51771184~~
关键词
钨合金
碳化物/氧化物弥散强化
力学性能
抗热负荷性能
抗辐照性能
tungsten alloy
carbide/oxide dispersion strengthening
mechanical property
thermal shock resistance
irradiation resistance
