摘要
目的通过比较水痘病例续发和罹患情况,评价水痘疫苗应急接种效果。方法于2013年6月—2015年12月,将上海市幼托机构、小学、初中、高中及中等职业技术学校中符合水痘疫苗接种条件的学生作为水痘疫苗应急接种对象,对开展水痘疫苗应急接种后水痘病例续发情况,以及暴露后以接报不同水痘病例数作为响应条件,对水痘疫苗应急接种后水痘病例续发和罹患情况进行比较。结果开展应急接种组水痘病例续发率和结案时罹患率均明显低于未开展应急接种组;开展应急接种时的罹患率与结案时的续发率和罹患率存在正相关,且差异有统计学意义(P=0.002,P<0.01);接报1例病例时开展水痘疫苗应急接种的续发率和结案时罹患率均低于接报≥2例病例时开展水痘疫苗应急接种,且差异有统计学意义(χ2=150.79,P<0.01;χ2=661.67,P<0.01);接报≥2例病例时开展水痘疫苗应急接种的续发率和结案时罹患率均低于未开展水痘疫苗应急接种组,且差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.15,P=0.04;χ2=29.43,P<0.01)。结论尽早开展水痘疫苗应急接种可以有效降低水痘疫情的续发率和罹患率;在接报1例水痘病例时开展水痘疫苗应急接种效果最佳;接报≥2例病例时开展水痘疫苗应急接种仍能取得较好的保护效果。
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of emergency vaccination of varicella vaccine by comparing the attack rate and secondary attack rate ofvericella in non-vaccination and vaccination groups. Methods We collected the data on varicella incidence and emergency vaccination of varicella vaccine among kindergarten children, primary school pupils, and high school and vocational school students in Shanghai city between June 2013 and December 2015. We compared the secondary attack rate of varicella in non-vaccination and vaccination groups and analyzed the difference in the secondary attack rate among the reported varicella epidemics with different varicella incidence. Results During the period, totally 1 684 varicella epidemics were reported, involving 1 591 569 exposed people and 1 563 540 people receiving emergency vaccination exposed to 1 619 epidemics. The secondary attack rate and the incidence rate by the end of the epidemic of the emergency vaccination groups was significantly lower than those of the non-vaccination groups. The incidence rate at the time of conduction of emergency vaccination was positively correlated with the secondary attack rate and the overall incidence rate by the end of the epidemic among the emergency vaccination groups （P = 0.002 and P 〈 0.01）. The secondary attack rate and the overall incidence rate by the end of the epidemic among the groups receiving emergency vaccination after the identification of the first initial varicella case were both significantly lower than those among the groups receiving emergency vaccination after the identification of the first two initial varicella cases （x^2 = 150.79, P 〈 0.01; x^2 = 661.67, P 〈 0.01）; while, the secondary attack rate and the overall incidence rate by the end of the epidemic among the groups receiving emergency vaccination after the identification of the first two or more initial varicella cases were both significantly lower than those among the groups not receiving emergency vaccination （x^2 = 4.15, P = 0.04; x^2 = 29.43, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion Emergency vaccination of varicella vaccine as early as possible is highly effective in decreasing secondary attack rate and the overall incidence of a varicella epidemic; although the effectiveness is the best for the emergency vaccination conducted immediately after the first initial varicella case report, it is still effective for the emergency vaccination conducted after the report of the first two or more initial varicella cases.
作者
姜大雷
李智
徐娜
张楠
刘捷宸
任佳
陶航
孙晓冬
JIANG Da-lei;LI Zhi;XU Na(Changchun Baike Biotech Corporation, Changchun, Jilin Province 130012, China)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期861-863,共3页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
上海市第四轮公共卫生三年行动计划重点学科建设项目(15GWZK0101)
关键词
水痘
暴发
应急接种
疫苗有效性
varicella
outbreak
emergency vaccination
vaccine effectiveness
