摘要
目的了解德城区市售蔬菜卫生学特征,分析其安全水平和污染程度。方法按照相关国家标准检测方法对2014-2017年随机采集的1 085份市售蔬菜中铅、镉、总汞、总砷进行常规监测,依据GB 2760-2012《食品中污染物限量》对监测结果进行评价。结果市售蔬菜合格1 047份,合格率为96.50%。铅的检出率逐年增高,各年之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.90,P<0.05),镉的检出率逐年增高,各年之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.10,P<0.05);不同种类蔬菜铅超标率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.45,P<0.05),镉超标率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.80,P<0.05)。铅污染最严重的是芸薹甘蓝类蔬菜,镉污染最严重的是绿叶菜类、葱韭类等叶菜类蔬菜,铅、镉元素超标的市售蔬菜为当地郊区农户种植的露地蔬菜。结论德城区市售蔬菜中铅、镉、汞、砷含量均处于一个比较低的水平,污染程度较轻,处于相对安全水平。但仍须引起有关部门的重视,开展对德城区及周边土壤中铅、镉、汞、砷本底值的监测,合理规划蔬菜种植基地,指导菜农科学施用农药和化肥,治理工业废水、废气,减少工业"三废"及生活污染物的排放,以保障蔬菜的食用安全。
Objective To understand the hygienic characteristics of marketed vegetables in Decheng city,analyze the level of safety and pollution. Methods According to the relevant national standard test method,the lead,cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic in 1085 marketed vegetables randomly from 2014 to 2017 years were routinely monitored,and the monitoring results were evaluated according to the GB 2760-2012 ＂pollutant limits in food＂. Results The marketed vegetables in 1047 were qualified,qualification rate of 96. 50%,the detection rate of lead increased year by year,the difference was statistically significant（ χ^2= 10. 90,P〈0. 05）. Cadmium detection rate increased year by year,the difference was statistically significant（ χ^2= 11. 10,P〈0. 05）. There was statistical significance in the difference of lead exceeded rate between different kinds of vegetables（ χ^2= 22. 45,P〈0. 05）,the difference of cadmium exceeded rate was statistically significant（ χ^2= 9. 80,P〈0.05）. The most serious of lead pollution was brassica vegetables,the most serious of cadmium pollution was the leafy green vegetables,leafy vegetables such as onion chives,lead and cadmium overqualified vegetables were crops grown by farmers in rural areas. Conclusion Lead,cadmium,mercury,arsenic content in marketed vegetables in the Decheng city are at a relatively low level of pollution,to a lesser extent,in a relatively safe level; but still need to arouse the attention of the relevant departments,to carry out monitoring of the Gecheng and the surrounding soil lead and cadmium,mercury and arsenic background value. Rational planning of vegetable planting base,guide farmers scientific application of pesticides and fertilizers,treatment of industrial wastewater,waste gas,industrial waste and reduce pollutant emissions to ensure the food safety of vegetables.
作者
王玉俊
WANG Yu-jun(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Decheng district in Dezhou,Dezhou,Shandong 253018, China)
出处
《中国公共卫生管理》
2018年第3期324-327,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Management
关键词
蔬菜
铅
镉
汞
砷
污染
监测
vegetables
lead
cadmium
mercury
arsenic
pollution
monitoring
