摘要
重大工程通常由技术难度、系统关联性、未知因素存在巨大差异的异质性子工程组成,不同子工程往往采取不同的组织模式。传统权变理论认为,不同的外部环境需要采用不同的组织模式,组织的构建要适应外部环境的不确定性。但在重大工程中,子工程本身及其环境的复杂性均会产生不确定性,组织模式的选择和构建与子工程的复杂性具有重要的联系。因此,有必要从复杂性的视角解释重大工程的组织多样化现象。在梳理重大工程复杂性及组织适应性研究的基础上,选择港珠澳大桥工程中的岛隧工程、钢结构工程、路面铺装工程、海事工程等子工程的组织管理实践作为研究对象,通过访谈、参与式专家和文档资料等方式获取相关数据,从复杂性视角对子工程进行分类,界定重大工程适应性组织概念,解析重大工程中不同子工程采取不同组织模式的适应性组织现象,总结构建适应性组织的路径。基于重大工程复杂性的具体表现即工程技术方案与外部环境的关联性和认知不完备性,构建子工程复杂性评价指标体系,据此将子工程分为复杂性工程、创新性工程、关联性工程和简单工程4种类型;提出重大工程适应性组织概念;得出重大工程适应性组织构建的路径包括组织需求设计和匹配、工程主体创新和构建、组织系统形成和集成、组织职能实现和协同4个步骤。研究旨在提出重大工程适应性组织概念,揭示重大工程组织模式选择和构建的机理及动态过程,说明重大工程组织模式与工程复杂性之间的关联性,指导其他重大工程组织管理模式的选择和构建。由于单案例研究的局限性,有必要在其他重大工程中对所提出的重大工程适应性组织概念及适应性组织构建过程进行进一步的完善和验证。
Mega projects are usually composed of multitudinous heterogeneous subprojects with difference in technical difficulty,system interdependency,and uncertainties and these subprojects often adopt distinct organization patterns. Traditional contingency theory asserts that different external conditions require different organization pattern,and the effectiveness of the organization depends upon the fitness between organization and environmental uncertainty. However,in mega projects,the uncertainty stems from not only the complexity of its environment but also the complexity of the subprojects themselves,and the selection and construction of the organization may be associated with the complexity of the subprojects. Therefore,it is necessary to rethink the organizational diversity in mega projects from the perspective of complexity.Based on a systemic review of relevant research on complexity and the organizational adaptability of mega projects,this paper focuses on the organization of the island tunnel subproject,the steel structure subproject,the pavement subproject,and the marine sub-engineering in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project. Using face to face interview engaged scholarship,and archive files,this paper classifies the subsystems from the perspective of complexity,defines the concept of adaptive organization of mega projects which explicates the phenomenon of organization diversification,and summarizes the construction steps of the adaptive organization.The paper establishes the evaluation index system for the complexity of subprojects on account of the interdependency and cognitive incompleteness about engineering technology solutions and external environment,according to which subprojects can be divided into four types： complex subproject,innovative subproject,interdependent subproject,and simple subproject. The paper also presents the concept of the adaptive organization of mega projects referring to a dynamic process in which the agents responsible for the design and construction adopt or establish different organization patterns according to the different complexity characters of the subprojects to prevent the uncertain events or reduce their impacts,and take adaptable methods to realize the goals of the project under the control of one main agent. Furthermore,the paper puts forward the concrete steps of constructing adaptive organization for the mega projects that include the designing and matching of organization needs,the innovation and construction of engineering agents,the formation and integration of organization system,and the realization and coordination of organization functions.This research aims to define the adaptive organization of mega projects,reveal the mechanisms and dynamic processes of selection and construction of organization patterns,clarify the relationship between the complexity and the organization of mega projects,and guide the organization construction for other mega projects. Due to the limitation of the single case study,it is necessary to further verify the findings in other mega projects.
作者
麦强
安实
林翰
高星林
MAI Qiang;AN Shi;LIN Han;GAO Xinglin(School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;School of Information Engineering, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing 211815, China;Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority, Zhuhai 519015, China)
出处
《管理科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期86-99,共14页
Journal of Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(71571057
71390522
71771125)~~
关键词
重大工程
复杂性
适应性组织
港珠澳大桥
关联性
认知不完备性
mega project
complexity
adaptive organization
the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
interdependency
cognitive incompleteness
