摘要
目的通过分别测量比格犬拔除的下颌前磨牙牙根和拔牙创愈合后的下颌骨的相关解剖结构,为即刻种植和延期种植研究提供关于种植安全区的确定和种植体尺寸的选择建议,指导种植体的安全植入。方法 10只12月龄雄性比格犬,拔除下颌前磨牙(P1~P4),游标卡尺测量前磨牙的牙根长度与颈部颊舌径;3个月后,游离下颌骨,定位并测量尖牙根尖和颏孔在下颌前磨牙区中的位置,并测量尖牙和颏孔范围外的前磨牙区种植安全区段的延期种植3个最佳植入位点的牙槽嵴顶宽度和管嵴距。结果即刻种植模型相关的解剖测量结果显示:P1~P4牙根长度依次递增,P2、P3、P4的远中根直径略大于近中根,近中根长度略长于远中根。单根牙P1牙根长度(L):(7.65±0.39)mm,颈部颊舌径(φ):(2.67±0.27)mm;双根牙P2~P4近中根长度(ML):(8.78±0.34)、(9.18±0.26)、(11.18±0.42)mm;近中根颈部颊舌径(Mφ):(2.72±0.23)、(3.10±0.18)、(4.13±0.20)mm;远中根长度(DL):(8.44±0.62)、(8.67±0.45)、(10.90±0.38)mm,远中根颈部颊舌径(Dφ):(3.02±0.20)、(3.34±0.24)、(4.53±0.26)mm。延期种植模型相关解剖测量结果显示:尖牙根尖及颏孔定位稳定,分别位于下颌骨前磨牙骨段的(28.0±2.8)%和(34.8±2.7)%;安全种植区3个种植位点的管嵴距:H1:(7.22±0.70)mm,H2:(8.19±0.73)mm,H3:(9.16±0.67)mm;牙槽嵴顶宽度:W1:(5.33±0.50)mm,W2:(5.83±0.57)mm,W3:(6.39±0.57)mm。结论第1前磨牙(P1)位点不是理想的即刻或者延期种植位点,延期种植安全区为颏孔远中点到第1磨牙的颌骨段;即刻种植或延期种植研究中建议选择长度为"短"(6~10 mm)或"超短"(≤6 mm),直径为"窄"(3.0~3.75 mm)或"超窄"(<3.0 mm)的种植体。
ObjectiveTo measure the length and diameter of the mandibular premolar roots and observe the anatomical characteristics of the healed mandible of Beagle dogs to determine the safe implantation region and adequate size of the implants for immediate or delayed dental implantation. MethodsThe premolars （P1-P4） of 10 male Beagle dogs （12 months old, weighing 10-12 kg） were extracted and the length and diameter of the roots were measured using a Vernier caliper. Three months later, the location of the mental foramen and the root apex of the healed mandible were measured. The canal-crest distance and the width of the alveolar ridge crest of 3 insertion sites in the safe implantation region that did not cover the canine teeth and mental foremen were determined. ResultsIn the immediate implantation models, anatomical measurements showed that the length of the roots increased from P1 to P4, and the diameters of the distal roots of P2, P3 and P4 were slightly larger than those of the mesial roots, and the lengths of the mesial roots were slightly longer than those of the distal roots. For the single-rooted premolar P1, the root length was 7.65±0.39 mm and the diameter of the root cervix was 2.67±0.27 mm; for the two-rooted premolars P2-P4, the lengths of the mesial root were 8.78±0.34, 9.18±0.26 mm, and 11.18±0.42 mm, the diameters of the mesial root cervix were 2.72±0.23, 3.10±0.18, and 4.13±0.20 mm, the lengths of the distal root were 8.44±0.62, 8.67±0.45, and 10.90±0.37 mm, and the diameters of the distal root cervix were 3.02±0.20, 3.34±0.24, and 4.53±0.26 mm, respectively. In the delayed implantation models, anatomical measurements showed stable locations of the mental foramen and the root apex [at （28.0±2.8）% and （34.8±2.7）% of the mandibular premolar region, respectively]. The canalcrest distances of the 3 insertion sites （H1 to H3） in the safe implantation region were 7.22±0.70, 8.19±0.73, and 9.16±0.67 mm, and their corresponding widths of the alveolar ridge crest were 5.33±0.50, 5.83±0.57, and 6.39±0.57 mm, respectively. ConclusionIn Beagle dog models of immediate or delayed dental implantation, the P1 site is not suitable for implant insertion in the mandible. For delayed dental implantation, the safe premolar region is between the mental foremen and the first molar. We recommend that the implants with a “short” （6-10 mm） or “extrashort” length （≤6 mm） and with a “narrow” （3.0-3.75 mm） or “extranarrow” diameter （〈3.0 mm） be used for immediate or delayed dental implantation.
作者
谢晨曦
付小明
徐凌
胡娜
XIE Chenxi;FU Xiaoming;XU Ling;HU Na(Department of Prosthodontics,Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,400015;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences,Chongqing,401120;Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education,Chongqing,401120,China)
出处
《第三军医大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第14期1279-1285,共7页
Journal of Third Military Medical University
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(81400572)
重庆市卫计委重点项目(2015MSXM048
2015ZDXM018)~~
关键词
比格犬
口腔种植
下颌前磨牙区
解剖测量
安全种植区
Beagle dogs
mandibular premolar region
dental implantation
anatomical measurement
safe implantation region
