摘要
文章立足于马克思劳动二重性原理与当代实践,提出了以"人们社会生产的生产与再生产"为基础的关于生产力和生产关系的新的定义和构成。以苏联教科书为代表的传统的生产力与生产关系概念的最大缺陷是,没有明确建立在马克思劳动二重性概念的基础上,同时没有建立在马克思恩格斯关于"两种生产"(物质生产和人自身生命的生产)的基础上。在生产力的构成要素中,将微观的"劳动过程"的三要素当作社会生产力三要素,不仅不符合当代实践的发展,同时在逻辑上也无法成立,文章由此提出了"生产力的四要素说"。在生产关系的构成要素上,仅仅将实体产业经济的生产关系的构成文章要素当作整个社会生产关系的构成要素,而没有考察到《资本论》所揭示的各种关系的复杂结构,也没有概括虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、虚拟经济内部复杂的经济关系,以及由人自身生命的生产所产生出的社会关系,由此提出了生产关系的"三层级说"。
The main defect of the theory of traditional productivity and production relations,represented by the Soviet textbooks,were they are not based on the duality of labor discovered by Marx,and failed to cover the ＂two kinds of production＂ including ＂material production＂and＂production of human life＂,which are called by Marx and Engels as the＂social production in their own life＂.At the same time,the traditional productivity theory regards the three elements of the micro＂labor process＂as the elements of social productivity,which cannot be established logically.And the traditional theory of production relations is limited to the three factors such as the ownership of production materials,and therefore fails to cover the complex relations in the production activities（such as the relationship between labor value,competition and monopoly and so on）,and thus fails to explain a series of changes in the Great China’s Reform in production relations.The new definition of productivity is put forward：the social productive force is the natural material process of the social material production system,and it is the ability of people in a society to develop,transform,utilize and maintain the natural and human resources to produce the wealth that meets the needs of human to survival and development.It contains four basic elements：human resources,material production data,science and technology,and mode of connection of factors in the process of production.These four elements constitute a unified organic whole.The productive relations of society are social economical relations realized by social productive forces as the carrier and through the natural material process of productive force system.The narrow sense of production relations is the＂material production relationship＂,which contains three layers of relations：the＂labor value relationship＂created by labor of workers,the＂economic power relationship＂based on the ownership of production data,and the＂economic interest relationship＂determined by the above two parties.＂Generalized production relations＂includes the relationship between＂material production＂and＂production of human’s own life＂.It is the unity of two parts：the first part is the＂material production relationship＂composed of the three relations above,and the second part is the＂folk custom relationship＂of civil society formed by the＂population production＂.
作者
鲁品越
Lu Pinyue(College of Humanities,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200483,Chin)
出处
《上海财经大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期4-14,共11页
Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
关键词
两种生产
生产力要素
生产关系要素
two kinds of production
factors of productive forces
factors of production relations
