摘要
以山西省闻喜县冬小麦生产体系为例,以生产1 t小麦籽粒产量为评价单元,运用生命周期评价方法,对比评价水浇地与旱地种植冬小麦生命周期的资源环境影响。结果表明,旱地与水浇地不同耕地类型种植冬小麦会影响籽粒产量、资源消耗和污染物排放量。水浇地种植冬小麦能大幅度提高产量,比旱地高51.22%。冬小麦生命周期中环境影响潜力因子从大到小依次是富营养化、环境酸化、土地利用、温室效应和能源消耗,旱地种植的环境影响指数均大于水浇地;环境影响综合指数旱地是0.445 2,水浇地是0.395 5,旱地种植方式比水浇地种植造成的环境压力更大,造成环境影响的主要原因是化肥施用过量且不合理。因此,保障研究区域生态环境和粮食生产安全的关键是因地制宜地增加水浇地面积、合理施用化肥、节水灌溉、提高水肥利用效率。
Life cycle assessment（LCA）method was used to compare the resource and environmental impact of the life cycle of winter wheat planted in irrigated land and dry land in Wenxi county of Shanxi province, and the production of 1 t wheat grain yield was used as the evaluation unit. The results showed that planting winter wheat on different types of cultivated land in dry land and irrigated land would affect grain yield, resource consumption and pollutant discharge. Planting irrigated winter wheat could significantly increase the yield, which was 51.22% higher than dry land. The most significant environmental impact potential in the winter wheat life cycle followed by eutrophication, environmental acidification, land use, greenhouse effect and energy consumption. The index of environmental impact during dry land cultivation was higher than that of irrigated land. The comprehensive index of environmental impact of dry land was 0.445 2, and irrigated land was 0.395 5. Dry land was more environmentally stressed than irrigated land. The main reason for the environmental impact was excessive and irrational use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the key to control the impact of the ecological environment in the study area and ensuring the safety of food production is to increase the area of irrigated land reasonably, to apply chemical fertilizers reasonably, to carry out water-saving irrigation and to improve the use efficiency of water and fertilizer according to local circumstances.
作者
贾若男
张吴平
侯帅
JIA Ruonan;ZHANG Wuping;HOU Shuai(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural Univers ity,Taigu 030801,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2018年第6期928-933,961,共7页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211002-2-1)
山西省科技攻关项目(20130311008-5)
关键词
生命周期评价
水浇地
旱地
冬小麦
life cycle as ses sment
irrigated land
dry land
winter wheat
