摘要
为了筛选盐碱胁迫下葡萄栽培中的最佳改良剂,评价不同改良剂的效果,试验以60 d的‘红地球’葡萄扦插苗为试材,采用盆栽灌溉盐碱水的方式,研究青草(GG)、枯草(DG)、硫酸钾(PS)、过磷酸钙(CS)、硫酸亚铁(FS)对葡萄生长、光合等生理指标的影响。结果表明:改良剂处理的株高生长量先降低后增大,CS处理的增加幅度最大,达到151.11%;不同改良剂处理的净光合速率(Pn),气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)逐渐降低,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先增大后降低,CS处理的Pn和Gs下降幅度分别为5.68%、15.13%,较其他处理下降幅度低,FS处理的Tr下降幅度较其他处理小,为48.18%,CS处理的Ci上升幅度最大,为473.29%;PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)、光化学猝灭系数(q P)随着改良处理后时间的推进逐渐下降,非光化学淬灭系数(qN)先降低后增大,CS处理的Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo的下降幅度均小于其他处理,分别为18.01%和63.39%,CS处理qN上升幅度最大,为232.20%;各改良处理下叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐下降,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐升高,其中FS处理的SOD下降了25.60%,较其他处理下降幅度大,CAT上升了42.22%,较其他处理上升幅度小;脯氨酸(Pro)含量和相对电导率(REC)先升高后降低,叶绿素含量先降低后升高,FS处理的Pro和REC降幅最大,分别为30.63%、7.57%,FS处理的叶绿素含量的上升幅度为2.13%,高于其他处理。主成分分析(PCA)显示,3个主成分的方差贡献率达到89.955%,FS处理得分最高。盐碱胁迫下,生化改良可通过减少光捕获、增强热耗散和酶活性调节的协同作用稳定‘红地球’葡萄的光合机构功能,硫酸亚铁改良效果最佳。
In order to screen for the best improvers in grape cultivation under saline-alkaline stress and evaluate the effects of different modifiers, the experiment was conducted on 60 days of ‘Red Globe’ grape cuttings as a test materials, and the pot culture experiments were used to irrigate saline-alkaline water to study the effects of green grass （GG）, dry grass （DG）, potassium sulfate （PS）, calcium superphosphate （CS） and ferrous sulfate （FS） on grape growth, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and physiological indicators. The results showed that with the application of improver, the growth of plant height decreased first and then increased, and the increase extent in CS treatment was the largest, reaching 151.11%. The net photosynthetic rate （ Pn ） , stomatal conductance （Gs ） and transpiration rate （ Tr） gradually decreased, and the intercellular CO 2 concentrations （ Ci ） first increased and then decreased. The Pn and Gs in CS treatment decreased by 5.68% and 15.13%, respectively, and the decline was the the lowest compared with other treatments. The decline in Tr of FS treatment was smaller than that of other treatments,which was 48.18%, and the increase in Ci of CS treatment was 473.29% the potential photochemical activity of photosystem Ⅱ（ Fv/Fo ）, the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ（ Fv/Fm ） and photochemical quenching coefficient （qP ） decreased gradually with the extension of the improvement of saline-alkaline stress. and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient （ qN） decreased firstly and then increased. The decrease of Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of CS treatment was smaller than that of other treatments, which were 18.01% and 63.39% respectively. The increase of qN in CS treatment was greatest,which was 232.20%. the superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activitiest of leaves under various improvement treatments decreased while the catalase （CAT） activity gradually increased. The SOD of FS decreased by 25.60%, which was the largest decrease compared with the other treatments. the CAT of FS increased by 42.22% which was the smallest increase compared to other treatments. Proline （Pro） content and relative electrical conductivity （REC） increased first and then decreased, the chlorophyll content decreased first and then increased. The f Pro and REC of FS treatment had the largest decrease, which was 30.63%, 7.57% respectively.The increase of chlorophyll content of FS treatment was 2.13%, which was higher than other treatments. The principal component analysis （PCA） showes that the variance contribution of the 3 principal components reaches 89.955%, and the FS treatment is the optimal. biochemical modification, Under the saline-alkaline stress, biochemical improvers can stabilize the photosynthetic apparatus function of the ‘Red Globe’ grape by educing the synergism of light trapping, heat dissipation and enzyme activity regulation. and the best improver is ferrous sulfate.
作者
王延秀
李飞鸿
武云龙
郭爱霞
胡亚
朱燕芳
贾旭梅
WANG Yan-xiu, LI Fei-hong, WU Yun-long, GUO Ai-xia, HU Ya, ZHU Yan-fang, JIA Xu-mei(College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, Chin)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期214-222,共9页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
兰州市科技局项目(2015-3-76)
关键词
葡萄
盐碱胁迫
改良剂
光合
叶绿素荧光
生理特性
grape
saline-alkaline stress
improver
photosynthetic parameters
chlorophyll fluorescence
photosynthetic characteristic
