摘要
康熙末年到嘉庆初年,云南盐业实行官运官销制度,但在此之前,云南盐政制度经历了一个变化过程。顺治十六年(1659),清军进入云南后,先是采取"官灶分成"的方式行盐办课,后又将盐编票并招商行盐。但由于"各井章制不一",故盐法"时有变更"。三藩之乱后,为了解决盐壅课逋的问题,康熙三十年(1691)云南实行"引票制",此后官府垄断了盐引和盐票。在制度推行过程中,官府加强了对生产和销售的控制,生产方面是加强对卤水和资本的控制,运销方面是利用对盐引和盐票的垄断权以及对官盐店的控制权来监控盐的行销。这一切使盐政官员对盐业生产和运销拥有更大的支配权,官府的主导性愈来愈强,推动云南盐业向着官运官销的方向发展。
From the end of Kangxi Emperor Reign to the early years of Jiaqing Emperor Reign, Yunnan salt industry implemented the Official Transport-and-Sale System. But before that, the salt administration system of Yunnan had experienced a process. After the Qing Army entered Yunnan in 1659, salt administrators firstly adopted the way that the official and the salt producer divided salt into proportion, then attracted merchants to trade and used salt tickets for sale. However, due to the different systems of salt wells, salt system had been changing constantly. After Revolt of the Three Feudatories was settled, in order to solve the problems of salt unsalable and tax shortage, in 1691, salt administrators carried out the salt vouchers-and-tickets, which made officials monopolize salt vouchers and tickets. In the process of implementation, the government has strengthened the control of salt production and sale. In the field of production, salt officials strengthened the control of brines and capital, meanwhile salt officials monitored the transportation and distribution by using the monopoly of salt vouchers-and-tickets and salt stores network, which made salt administrators have more power to control salt production, transportation and marketing. After that, the dominance of the government was getting stronger and stronger, which promoted the salt industry towards the direction of Official Transport-and-Sale System.
出处
《盐业史研究》
CSSCI
2018年第2期35-44,共10页
Salt Industry History Research
关键词
官灶分成
票盐
引票制
官发薪本
官盐店
the proportion of official and salt producers
ticket system
vouchers-and-tickets
official payment for salt producers
official salt stores
