摘要
[目的]对管网末梢水和两种不同类型净水机出水中重金属元素和消毒副产物进行健康风险评价,了解不同类型饮用水中这两类物质对人体健康的潜在影响和不同类型净水机对饮用水健康风险的改善效果。[方法]选取管网末梢水和以末梢水为原水的两种不同类型净水机出水,于2017年4—6月采集水样共计25份,对水样中6种重金属元素、Al元素和5种消毒副产物进行检测和分析,并结合"四步法"健康风险评价模型对通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险进行评价。[结果]对于重金属元素:三种类型饮用水的致癌风险均以Cr为主,风险排序为超滤出水>末梢水>铜锌合金(KDF)净水机出水(简称KDF出水);非致癌风险均以Pb和Cd为主,风险排序为末梢水>超滤出水>KDF出水。对于消毒副产物:管网末梢水和超滤出水致癌风险以一溴二氯甲烷为主;管网末梢水非致癌风险以一溴二氯甲烷为主,超滤出水非致癌风险以三氯甲烷为主,KDF出水不存非致癌风险。管网末梢水总致癌风险以消毒副产物为主,总非致癌风险以重金属元素为主。两种净水机出水的致癌风险和非致癌风险均以重金属元素为主。[结论]不同人群通过三种类型饮水途径暴露于重金属元素和消毒副产物的健康风险均在可接受范围内。两种类型净水机均使总致癌风险和总非致癌风险有所降低,KDF净水机的效果优于超滤净水机。
[Objective] To assess the health risks of heavy metal elements and disinfection by-products in tap water and water produced from two types of water purifiers, and understand the potential effects of the two kinds of substances on human health and the effects of selected water purifiers on drinking water health risk improvement.[Methods] A total of 25 samples of tap water and the tap water treated with two types of water purifiers were collected from April to June in 2017. The concentrations of six heavy metal elements, Al and five disinfection by-products in the water samples were detected and analyzed. Furthermore, the health risks of heavy metal elements and disinfection by-products via drinking water were assessed based on the ＂four-step＂ health risk assessment model recommended.[Results] For heavy metal elements：the carcinogenic risks in all three kinds of drinking water were dominated by Cr, and the order of the risks from high to low were ultrafiltration water 〉 tap water 〉 kinetic degradation fluxion （KDF） water; the noncarcinogenic risks were dominated by Pb and Cd, and the order of the risks were tap water 〉 ultrafiltration water 〉 KDF water. For disinfection by-products：the carcinogenic risks in tap water and ultrafiltration water were dominated by bromodichloromethane; the non-carcinogenic risk in tap water was dominated by bromodichloromethane, that in ultrafiltration water was dominated by trichloromethane, and KDF water had no non-carcinogenic risk of disinfection by-products. The total carcinogenic risk of tap water was dominated by disinfection by-products, and the total non-carcinogenic risk was dominated by heavy metal elements. Both carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk in the drinking water treated with the two types of water purifiers were dominated by heavy metals.[Conclusion] The health risks of heavy metal elements and disinfection by-products via the three kinds of drinking water are within acceptable limits. Both types of water purifiers can reduce total carcinogenic risk and total non-carcinogenic risk. The effect of KDF water purifier is better than that of ultrafiltration water purifier in terms of the health risk assessment.
作者
李晓迪
刘华
关玥
刘曦
林燕
LI Xiao-di;LIU Hua;GUAN Yue;KONG Hai-nanl;LIU Xil;LIN Yan(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Department of Cardiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Chest Hospital,Shanghai 200240,China)
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第7期642-647,共6页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
上海卫计委局级课题(编号：201640085)
关键词
饮用水
健康风险评价
重金属元素
消毒副产物
drinking water
health risk assessment
heavy metal elements
disinfection by-product
